Misamis Occidental National High School

Oroquieta City

A Research Study entitled

COCONANA: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Husk and Banana (Musa

acuminata) Stem Fiber as an alternative source in making an organic paper
bag

Submitted in Partial Requirements in Research IV

Researchers
Juliana Paler
Gloryzann Aclao
Allyssa Mae Basco
Edriel Jun Cabiara
Charlyn Paula L. Gimoros
Princess Kyla M. Ledesma
Graciela Satur
Ereca Jade Tubio

Rea Malou C. Saren

Research Adviser

June 2022
 Table of Contents

Contents Page
Title Page
List of Tables iv
List of Figures v
Abstract vi
I. Introduction 1
Background of the Study 1
Objectives 3
Significance of the Study 3
Scope and Delimitations 4
Conceptual and Operational Definition of Terms 5
Review of Related Literature 6
II. Methodology 8
Research Locale and Duration 8
Collection of Samples 9
Preparation of Coconut Husk 9
Preparation of Banana Stem Fiber 9
Production of Organic Paper from Banana Stem Fiber and 10
Coconut Husk
Drying of Organic Paper 10
Forming the Paper into an Organic Paper Bag 11
Testing the Quality of the Organic Paper Bag 11
Conduct Respondents’ Acceptability 12
Waste Disposal 13
Data Analysis 13
Flow of Experimental Procedure 15
III. Results and Discussion 16
IV. Conclusions and Recommendations 21
Acknowledgement 23
Research Contract 24
Researcher’s Profile 25
Bibliography 29
Appendices 31
Materials 31
List of Grocery Products 32
Durability 32
Walk Test 32
Logbook 33
Documentation 42
 List of Tables

Content Page

Table 1 9-Point Hedonic Scale 13

Table 2 Durability of the Coconut Husk and Banana Stem Fiber as 16

Paper Bag

Table 3 Walk Test Result of Coconut Husk and Banana Stem Fiber 17

as Paper Bag

Table 4 Respondents’ Acceptability of COCONANA organic paper 18

bag in terms of appearance

Table 5 Respondents’ acceptability of the COCONANA organic 19

paper bag in terms of texture.

 List of Figures

Content Page

Figure 1 Gimoros’s Residence, Purok 1, Lower Lamac, 8

Oroquieta City

Figure 2 Tubio’s Residence, Purok 2, Talic, Oroquieta City 8

Figure 3 Flow of Experimental Procedure 15

 Abstract

This study aimed to produce a handcrafted paper bag using natural fibers
from banana (Musa acuminata) stem fiber and coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk.
Specifically, this study aimed to determine the quality of the produced an organic
paper bag in terms of its durability, walk test, and respondents’ acceptability.
Moreover, in the production of COCONANA organic paper bag, the researchers
adapted and utilized the methods from Enguito (2022), while Creation Lover
(2018)'s approach was adapted in forming the COCONANA organic paper bag.
Paper Bag Org. (n.d.)' method was applied to assess its durability, while the walk
test was adopted from Diringer (2016). The findings revealed that COCONANA
organic paper bag, with measurement of 13.5"x3.25"x8.25", can accommodate
and withstand up to 4.92 kilograms of weight and can sustain a 50-meter walk
without being damaged. Furthermore, the COCONANA organic paper bag was
extremely liked by the respondents (8.85) in terms of its appearance and texture
as shown in the survey. Thus, fibers from banana stem and husks from coconuts
can be a good source of high-quality paper bags.
 CHAPTER I

Introduction

Background of the Study

Overuse of plastic bags is becoming a growing environmental concern,

particularly in maritime environments. Ingestion, asphyxia, and entanglement of

hundreds of marine species are the most evident effects of plastic trash. Plastic

garbage is mistaken for food by marine species such as seabirds, whales, fish,

and turtles. The majority of the organisms starve to death as their guts fill with

plastic substances. On the other hand, the leading solution to this issue is using

paper bag. Which have some advantages over plastic bags. Paper bag is more

sustainable, easier to recycle and biodegradable, these can be used for purposes

like composting (Abdul, n.d.). Due to the high composability of the paper bags, it

can avert killing or threatening marine life.

Moreover, paper bags can be made either with virgin or recycled fibers to

meet customers’ demands. It is commonly used as shopping carrier bags and for

packaging of some consumer goods. It gains importance as these bags are 100%

reusable, recyclable and biodegradable and at the same time environment friendly

and pose less threat to wildlife. It requires less energy for paper bags to be recycled

than plastic bags. It had come a long way since their beginnings in the mid-

eighteenth century when some paper bag manufacturers started developing paper

bags that are firm and long lasting (Rainbow Packaging,2017).

 2

Additionally, banana plant (Musa acuminata) not only gives the delicious

fruit but it also provides textile fiber. It grows easily as it sets out young shoots and

is most commonly found in `hot tropical climates. All varieties of banana plants

have fibers in abundance (Vigneswaran et al., 2015). Banana is a major fruit crop

of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world grown on about 8.8 million

hectares (Arafat et al., 2018).

On the other hand, coconut (Cocos nucifera) is an important fruit tree in the

world, providing food for millions of people, especially in the tropical and

subtropical regions and with its many uses it is often called the “tree of life”

(DebMandal, 2010). Coconut Husk is use in many different researchers because

it can create things or substances to have lesser chemicals on it or the materials

could be naturally made. Made up of the hair like strands located between the

coconut’s husk. While added to paper it lends a vibrant fibrous appearance and

texture, as well as strengthening the paper (Coconut Husk Paper, 2020).

Enlighten with these facts gathered, this study used banana stem fiber and

coconut husk were used. Both of these plants were used in making handicraft

products. These plants were made as an organic paper bag that will be used for

shopping instead of using plastics.

 3

Objectives

This study aimed to produce an organic paper bag using coconut (Cocos

nucifera) husk and banana (Musa acuminata) stem fiber. Specifically, this study

aimed to:

1. determine the quality of the produced COCONANA organic paper bag using

coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk and banana (Musa acuminata) stem fiber in terms

of:

a. durability

b. walk test

2. determine the quality of the commercial paper bag in terms of:

a. durability

b. walk test

3. conduct respondent’s acceptability of COCONANA organic paper bag using 9-

point hedonic scale in terms of:

a. appearance

b. texture

Significance of the Study

The result of this study would be useful as is it will serve as baseline

information for future studies on banana stem fiber and coconut husk, as well as

their other benefits in relation to papermaking. Specifically, this study would be

beneficial to the following:

 4

To the business sectors. This product has the potential to be a terrific

source of additional revenue. They may benefit through selling the product and

introducing it to the market, which will help their business grow and thrive.

To the banana and coconut tree planters. A new product, banana stem

fiber and coconut husk paper bags, will be introduced to the market, which will

boost the banana and coconut industries. As a result, the banana and coconut tree

planters will profit by earning extra income.

To the Paper bag Manufacturers. This product will serve as a new way of

producing a paper bag. It will give them a new idea of making a paper bag out from

Banana Stem Fiber and Coconut Husk.

To the Consumer Market. The product can be used as an alternative of

plastics. It will help lessen the use of plastics at the supermarket.

To future researchers. This study would serve as a starting point and a

foundation for further research on banana stem fiber and coconut husk, along with

their other benefits.

Scope and Delimitations

This study was conducted throughout the school year, 2021-2022. And was

conducted at P-1 Lower Lamac, Oroquieta City. The researchers collected 1.5 kg

of banana stem and coconut by its respective household. The researchers

conducted the following test: durability and walk test. This study aims to produce

an organic paper out of the fibers of banana stem and coconut.

 5

Conceptual and Operational Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the terms used in this study, the following

terms are conceptually and operationally defined.

1. Banana stem fiber – is also known in its scientific name Musa acuminata.

It is made from the stem of the banana tree and is incredibly durable

(Vivian Hendriksz, 2017). In this study, the banana stem fiber will be also

used in producing an organic bag.

2. Coconut husk – is also known in its scientific name Cocos nucifera. It is

the rough exterior shells of the coconut (Malcolm Tatum, 2021). In this

study, the coconut husk will be used in producing an organic bag.

3. Durability– the quality of being able to last a long time without becoming

damaged (Cambridge Dictionary, n.d.). In this study, it is a performance

testing technique adapted from The Paper Bag.org (n.d.) that is used to

determine the characteristics of a system under various load conditions

over time (Tutorialspoint, n.d.).

4. Paper bag – a bag made from paper, for holding purchases (Collins

Dictionary, 2021). In this study, this refers to the product that will be made

using coconut husk and banana stem fiber.

5. Walk Test – is an exercise test that measure how able a person is to do

simple exercise (PHAUK, n.d.). In this study, it refers to the steps that a

bag can endure in a period of time, it was adapted and modified from

Diringer (2016).
 6

Review of Related Literature

Global paper consumption has quadrupled since the 1960s. As a result, this

became a major factor in the forestry industry, with nearly half of all commercially

cut trees around the world resulting solely in paper products such as paper bags.

However, many of these paper bag uses are wasteful or unnecessary, and some

are linked to human rights violations, forest destruction, pollution, and climate

change emissions. According to Statistics Science, we use 10 billion plastic bags

per year, which is equivalent to cutting down 14 million trees (Earth911, 2021). It

costs more to make paper bags than it does to make plastic bags. This is a waste

of trees as well as a huge waste of money (Project: Paper Saving, 2020).

Paper bags are bags made of paper and the raw material is wood, most

commonly kraft paper. It is frequently used as shopping carrier bags and in the

packaging of some consumer goods. It transports groceries, glass bottles, clothing,

books, toiletries, electronics, and a variety of other goods, as well as serving as a

mode of transportation in daily activities (Paperbag-scifacts, 2020).

A study conducted by the team of Jan EG Van Dam (2004) entitled "Lignin

on the coconut husk" state that the husk of coconut husk contains approximately

30% coir fibres and 70% pith - both fibre and pith are extremely high in lignin and

phenolic content and its possible to make a paper. In addition, coconut husk, also

known as coconut fiber or coconut coir, is a natural fiber derived from the outer

husk of the coconut that is used in items such as floor mats, doormats, brushes,

and mattresses. Coir is the fibrous material found between a coconut's hard

internal shell and its outer coat. The coconut husk is composed of 30% fiber and
 7

70% pith, with high lignin and phenolic content (Panyakaew and Fotios, 2011). Due

to the high lignin content, coconut fiber is very elastic, durable, and resistant to

rotting. Coconuts can be found anywhere in the Philippines (Mindanao),

particularly in rural areas. Coconut husk is sometimes used in gardening and

sometimes discarded (Funfacts, 2008).

On the other hand, according to Wandera (n.d.) banana stems have the

desired fibre length, high lignin and cellulose content compared to other

alternatives like sisal, water hyacinth and papyrus. These are what counts in

making a strong yet easy to fold paper. The tests used in the study conducted by

Khan et al. (2014) was adapted by Sakar (2012) revealed that their produced paper

could hold up to 1100 grams, had a standard moisture retention capacity of 7%,

and could withstand an average of 138 folds. Banana fibre is a natural fibre with

high strength, which can be blended easily with cotton fibre or synthetic fibre to

produce composite material (Arafat, 2018).

 Chapter II

Methodology

Research Locale and Duration

This study was conducted throughout the entire school year 2021-2022

with two locations. The production of COCONANA organic paper bag was done

at Gimoros’s Residence, P-1, Lower Lamac, Oroquieta City. The testing of the

organic paper bag was conducted at Talic, Oroquieta City.

Figure 1. Purok 1, Lower Lamac, Oroquieta City

Figure 2. Purok 2, Talic, Oroquieta City

 9

Collection of Samples

The banana stem fibers were collected at Purok 1, Dagatan, San Vicente

Alto and the coconut husks were collected at Canubay, Oroquieta City with equal

quantities, which is 250 kilograms. The caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) was

bought from an online store. The other materials used in the whole study were

purchased from local stores within the city. Some of the materials were from the

researchers. Due to Covid -19 protocol, the members asked help from their parents

in gathering the needed materials for the study.

Preparation of Coconut Husks

The researchers adopted and modified the methods from Phadnis et. al.

(2018). Coconut fiber were washed thoroughly to eliminate unwanted particles.

The researchers combined the 250 grams and 1.5 L of water in a pot and put it to

boil. When the water boils 75 grams of caustic soda was then put. After 1 hour, the

mixture was then taken and cooled down. The fibers were then washed thoroughly

to eliminate the caustic soda residue.

Preparation of Banana Stem Fibers

In the preparation of banana fibers, the banana stem fibers, were cut it into

small pieces. The researchers then washed it thoroughly before boiling. In a pot,

the researchers then measured the 1.5 L of water combining with the 250 grams

cut banana stem and let it boil. The researchers then prepared 75 grams of caustic

soda. When the water boils, the 75 grams of caustic soda was then added to the

boiling water. After 1 hour the mixture was then taken out of heat and cooled. Next,
 10

fiber was then drained and washed thoroughly to eliminate the caustic soda

residue. Finally, the fibers were then blended to get the desired pulp.

Production of Organic Paper from Banana Stem Fiber and Coconut Husk

In the making of paper pulp from scratch paper, the researchers made a

paper pulp combining the blended 20 grams of shredded recycled papers and 1.5

L of water. The researchers repeated the process until the desired mixture was

reached.

To make the starch mixture, the researchers mixed 1/2 cup of cornstarch

together with 1 1/2 cup of water. The researchers boiled another 2 cups of water,

followed with mixing the starch mixture done earlier. Then boiled until reaching the

desired consistency. A tub was used for pouring the blended banana peel, coconut

pulp, waste paper pulp, and starch mixture. After that, we then completely

combined and set aside the mixture for 10 minutes.

Following that, the researchers put water on the tub for the molding of the

organic paper. The researchers dipped the mold and deckle into the tub and

poured 5 cups of the mixture unto the mold and deckle. The researchers then

raised the mold and deckle and spread the mixture using the researchers' hands.

The researchers set the mold upside down on the table with a cloth. The

researchers used dry sponges in soaking up the excess water and we're pressed

against the screen.

Drying of Organic Paper

The paper already separated and progressively removed from the mold.

Before being exposed to the sun's heat, the finished product was placed on a clean
 11

and safe surface and allowed to dry for at least 30 minutes t. The papers were then

flattened by being loaded with heavy items. All remaining paper was treated in the

same way. The papers were prepared for the next step.

Forming the paper into an organic paper bag

The researchers adopted and modified the method from Creation Lover

(2018) in forming the paper into an organic paper bag.

Fold the produced organic paper according to the said side. First, fold 1

inch at the left side to stick the left side. Next applied white glue to the folded side.

After that, fold 3 inch in the bottom. The inward-flaring creases should pop open,

forming square edge. Inside you should see a triangle of folded paper on either

side. The researchers fold the top and bottom sides of the open, square-shaped

bottom completely down. The steps were done to all remaining papers. The

COCONANA organic paper bags were then prepared for the next step which is the

testing of the quality.

Testing the quality of the organic paper bag

To assess the quality of the produced paper bag, which is created from

banana stem fiber and coconut husk, the researcher used the Bursting Strength

Test and Reusability,

To assess the quality of the COCONANA organic paper bag, which is

created from banana stem fiber and coconut husk, the researcher used the

Durability and Walk test.

In the Durability test, the researchers load the bag with grocery items with

an approximate weight of 4kg.The test was limited on the bag’s capability to carry
 12

groceries. The researchers measure the groceries capable the bag can hold. In

Durability, the researchers used the method adapted and modified from Diringer

(2016).

After that the COCONANA organic paper bag undergoes the Walk Test.

The paper bag was loaded 4 kilograms of groceries. The researchers then find a

long space or room with a clear straight-line walkway. A distance of 25 meters

(approximately 87.5 feet) was measured in the space. Then, it was measured with

the assistance of a chalk measure available at home. Then, cycled back and forth

from one mark to the other, making a total of 50 meter, which is stated as the

minimum distance in the house bill. The walk cycle was considered complete after

the bag is set down a second time (50 meters). Total distance using meters was

then recorded. After the total distance of 50 meters, if the bag hasn’t shown any

damage yet, the test ended and the results was then analyzed. This test was also

be performed three times in order to get the average number of uses that the

produced bag can manage.

Conducting the respondents’ acceptability test

A total of ten (10) respondents within the campus of Misamis Occidental

National High School were chosen to participate in the survey. The researchers

ensured that all COVID-19 safety protocols were followed at all times.

Purposive sampling was used in choosing the respondents. They were

asked to examine the COCONANA organic paper bag in terms of its appearance

and texture using the 9-point hedonic scale; where; nine (9) is the highest rating

(extremely liked) and one (1) is the lowest rating (extremely disliked). Table 1
 13

shows the score or rating that the respondents could give and its corresponding

description based on the 9-point hedonic scale.

Table 1. 9-Point Hedonic Scale

Scale Qualitative Descriptor

8.1-9 Like Extremely
7.1-8 Like Very Much
6.1-7 Like Moderately
5.1-6 Like Slightly
4.1-5 Neither Like or Dislike
3.1-4 Dislike Slightly
2.1-3 Dislike Moderately
1.1-2 Dislike Very Much
0-1 Dislike Extremely

Waste Disposal

The area where the researchers conducted the study was cleaned. The

tools and other materials used in the whole process was washed carefully and

drained with hot water especially the things contacted with caustic soda. All the

things were returned to where it was originally placed. The waste materials were

thrown away in the garbage cans properly.

Data Analysis

The data gathered from the tests conducted in this study were analyzed

using a descriptive type of statistical analysis. The researchers calculated the

means or average values, which were then used to describe, interpret, and explain

the findings of the study.

The data obtained from the durability test was analyzed by computing the

mean obtained from each test. However, the durability of the organic paper bag

depends on the size, in this study the paper was 8.25” x 3.25” x 13.5” (L x W x H).
 14

The data obtained from durability test was analyzed as to how many cycles

the bag survived the Walk Test. This was to determine the durability of the said

paper bag. The result was reported in average value by computing the mean of

the obtained data from the test.

Moreover, the data collected from the respondents’ acceptability test was

analyzed by getting the mean of the scores obtained for each property; (1)

appearance and (2) texture. These were then analyzed based on the description

that corresponds to the score on the 9-point hedonic scale.

 15

Research Locale Collection of Preparation of

and Duration Samples Coconut Husk

Production of
Drying of Organic Paper Preparation of
Organic from Banana Banana Stem Fiber
Paper Stem Fiber and
Coconut Husk

Forming the
paper into an Testing the
Organic Paper Quality of the Waste Disposal
Bag Paper

Data Analysis

Figure 3. Flow of Experimental Procedures

 Chapter III

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

In this study, the researchers were able to thoroughly produce the

COCONANA organic paper bag. The said product was successfully made at P-1

Lower Lamac, Oroquieta City, and was tested at P-2 Talic Oroquieta City. To

evaluate the quality of the COCONANA organic paper bag, the researchers

conducted the following tests: durability, walk test, and respondents’ acceptability.

This chapter presents the results of the said tests, along with the advantages of

the said product.

Durability

The durability test was derived from the European standard test. This standard

is based on scientifically conducted studies and helps retailers to avoid poor-

quality carrier bags. The quality certification system for paper bags is based on this

standard (Paperbag.org, n.d). Table 1 shows the durability of the COCONANA

organic paper bag.

Table 2. Durability of the COCONANA organic paper bag.

NUMBER OF TRIAL COCONANA PAPER BAG

(weight in kg)
1 4
2 5¼
3 5½
Mean 4.92

As shown in the table above, indicating the COCONANA organic paper bag

can accommodate approximately 4.92 kg. After the loading of grocery products,

the COCONANA organic paper bag did not show any signs of damage. Having the
 17

COCONANA organic paper bag retain its form, subsequently implies that the paper

bag can accommodate more than the (4.92 kg) accounted weight of grocery

products. According to Webstaurant (2022) grocery paper bags can accommodate

from 2-25 lb. That is 0.907- 11.3398 in kg. Idealistically, COCONANA organic

paper bag is capable of competing against commercial paper bag since the

COCONANA organic paper bag retained its form another test was subjected to

assess its quality.

Walk Test

In this study, the walk test derives from the study of (Diringer, 2018) where

in the researcher measures a total distance of 50-meters. To see if the

COCONANA organic paper bag is capable of withstanding the total weight of 4.92

kilograms of grocery products this test was conducted. Table 2 shows the results

of the walk test of the COCONANA organic paper bag.

Table 3. Walk test result of COCONANA organic paper bag

TOTAL METERS OF COCONANA

NO. OF TRIALS
PAPER BAG
1 50
2 50
3 50
Average 50

As shown above, the COCONANA organic paper bag was able to withstand

the 50-meter walk test. Also, the product was able to retain its form and this can

be viewed in the appendix page, where the picture of the COCONANA organic

paper bag retaining its form is presented. With this result, the researchers can

determine that the said product can be reused in terms of loading it with a weight

of 4.29 kilograms of grocery products.

 18

Respondents’ Acceptability

Respondents’ acceptability was conducted within the vicinity of Misamis

Occidental National High School (MONHS). Ten (10) respondents were picked and

were asked to participate in the survey by rating the product following the hedonic

scale in terms of appearance and texture of the COCONANA organic paper bag

through physical examination.

Appearance is the state, condition, manner, or style in which a person or

object appears (Dictionary, n.d.). In this study, appearance refers as to how

elegant the constructed COCONANA organic paper bag. Table 4 shows the results

of the survey conducted, which indicates the respondents’ acceptability of the

COCONANA organic paper bag in terms of its appearance.

Table 4. Respondents’ Acceptability of COCONANA organic paper bag in terms

of appearance.

Respondents Appearance
1 9.0
2 8.5
3 9.0
4 9.0
5 8.0
6 9.0
7 9.0
8 9.0
9 9.0
10 9.0
Average 8.85
Remarks LIKED EXTREMELY
 19

As shown in the table, the texture of the COCONANA organic paper bag

gained an average rating of 8.85 from the respondents. This implies that they

extremely liked the surface characteristics of the produced bag.

On the other hand, texture refers to the visual or tactile surface characteristics

and appearance of something (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). In this study, texture refers

to the softness or roughness of the COCONANA organic paper bag. Table 5 shows

the results of the survey conducted, which indicates the respondents’ acceptability

of the COCONANA organic paper bag in terms of its texture.

Table 5. Respondents’ acceptability of the COCONANA organic paper bag in

terms of texture.

Respondents Appearance
1 9.0
2 8.5
3 9.0
4 9.0
5 8.0
6 9.0
7 9.0
8 9.0
9 9.0
10 9.0
Average 8.85
Remarks LIKE EXTREMELY

As shown in the table, the texture of the COCONANA organic paper bag

gained an average rating of 8.85 from the respondents. This implies that they

extremely liked the surface characteristics of the produced bag.

 20

Based on the averages of the respondents’ acceptability of the COCONANA

organic paper bag, the overall respondents extremely liked the COCONANA

organic paper bag. To conclude, banana stem fiber and coconut husk have the

acceptability to be utilized as a paper bag.

 CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

This study was conducted to produce COCONANA organic paper bag out

of natural fibers from banana (Musa acuminata) stem and coconut (Cocos

nucifera) husk. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the quality of the organic

paper bag in terms of durability test and walk test.

The generated organic paper bag was manufactured from the natural fibers

of banana stem and coconut husk with measurement obtained 13.5"x3.25"x8.25”.

The researchers modified the method adopted from the paper bag.org (n.d.) to

determine the durability test of the COCONANA paper bag, which involved using

actual grocery products. According to the test results, three of the COCONANA

paper bags were competent to hold 4 kg in the first trial, 5 1/2 kg in the second

trial, and 5 1/4 kg in the third trial and can withstand an average of 4.92 kilograms

without being damage. The durability test showcases how sturdy and grim the

COCONANA paper bag is. This implies that the COCONANA paper bag has a

larger capacity and durability. Meanwhile, the walk test also adopted and modified

from Diringer (2016). The results of the testing imply each produced paper bag

weighing 4.29 kilograms of grocery supplies and covering a total distance of 50

meters individually. It did not show any signs of damages of the produced paper

bag while the grocery products were also in good terms. As a result, the

COCONANA paper bag can be reused.

 22

Conclusions

Based on the results obtained in this study, the following conclusions were

derived by the researchers:

1. The organic paper bag present its durability without being deteriorated as

it can manage 4.92 kilograms of grocery product

2. The study furthermore showed that the organic paper bag can maintain

its form up to 10 walk cycles at the very least gripping 4.29 kilogram of grocery

products.

3. The total average rating of the respondents to the COCONANA organic

paper bag is 8.85. This implies that the produced organic paper bag and its overall

quality in terms of appearance and texture was extremely liked by the respondents.

Recommendations

1. Use banana stem fiber and coconut husk in paper plate making or egg tray

making.

2. Use the other different types of banana fibers and determine which of this is

most suitable for paper production.

3.Attach a durable and high-quality handle to produced organic paper bag in order

to carry it easier and with less hassle.

4. Examine and test the produced paper bags quality using various tests such as

moisture retention capacity test, peel strength test, and tearing strength test.

5. Instead of using quantities in measuring the capacity of the bag, use metric

system such as; grams and kilograms.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this research study had come a long way and wouldn’t

be done without the guidance and help from everyone involved whose names may

not be enumerated in supporting the researchers in times of hardships. A lot of

effort and patience were to make this research study a successful one and many

people have played a significant role in contributing to the researchers. Thus, we

would like to express sincere appreciation, indebtedness and gratitude to the

following people:

First, to the family of the researchers for giving their unconditional love,

their company, their unending support in all aspects especially moral and financial;

To Mrs. Rea Malou C. Saren, our research teacher and adviser, for the

help, support, guidance and encouragement. Thank you for the valuable

suggestions and corrections as well as for the extensive discussion;

To the ate’s and kuya’s, for also guiding the researcher and giving

examples as bases for the researchers’ research paper;

Above all, the researcher wholeheartedly gave her superior thanks to our

Almighty Father, for the wisdom, knowledge, understanding, protection and

guidance that he showered upon her; and

To everyone who believed and showed confidence and trust. Thank you!
 CONTRACT

We, Gloryzann H. Aclao, Allysa Mae G. Basco, Edriel Jun J. Cabiara,

Charlyn Paula L. Gimoros, Princess Kyla M. Ledesma, Juliana E. Paler,
Graciela I. Satur, and Ereca Jade R. Tubio , authors of this research project
entitled “COCONANA: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Husk and Banana (Musa
acuminata) Stem Fiber as an alternative source in making an organic paper
bag”, agree on the following:

1. The aforementioned authors collaboratively worked on every part and

section of the paper. Any consideration and right shall be equally divided
among them.
2. Each author, provided that proper credit is given, may use portions of this
paper in any future work they may wish to conduct. In addition, they may
also use this as a basis for a new related project.
3. Proper credit shall consist of citing the rightful authors of this work, the date
of publication, and the school where the authors and this research
conceptually from Mrs. Rea Malou C. Saren shall also be acknowledged as
author and research adviser of this project.
4. This work is exclusively made available and open for use to all Grade 10
STEM – Darwin students of Misamis Occidental National High School,
batch 2021–2022. Either of them may use this research for their respective
purposes, provided that he/she has notified at least one of the authors and
proper credit is given for the use. However, none of them are allowed to
authorize any other person to possess the same rights that they have.
5. Any other use of this work by anyone who does not belong to the previously
mentioned permitted group of individuals shall require a written or verbal
consent of at least three of the authors.
The undersigned authors confirm that they have read and agreed to this
agreement on the 13th day of June 2022 at MONHS, Oroquieta City.

GLORYZANN H. ACLAO ALLYSSA MAE G. BASCO

EDRIEL JUN J. CABIARA CHARLYN PAULA L. GIMOROS

PRINCESS KYLA M. LEDESMA JULIANA E. PALER

GRACIELA I. SATUR ERECA JADE R. TUBIO

Approved by:
MRS. REA MALOU C. SAREN
Research Adviser
RESEARCHER’S PROFILE

Name: Juliana E. Paler

Birth Date: February 25, 2006

Age: 16 years old

Address: Purok-1 Villaflor, Oroquieta

City, Misamis Occidental

Hobbies: Listening to different

genres of music, watching series,
movies, dramas, and enhypen
videos, dancing, reading webtoon
series, and lying down on bed while
daydreaming

Motto: Go Big or Go Home

Contact Number: 09286321924

Email Address:
[email protected]

Name: Gloryzann H. Aclao

Birth Date: January 25, 2006

Age: 16 years old

Address: Purok-3, Tuyabang Bajo,

Oroquieta City

Hobbies: Eating and Sleeping

Motto: I am not lazy, I am just on my

Energy saving mode.

Contact Number: 09974256601

Email Address:
[email protected]
Name: Allysa Mae G. Basco

Birth Date: December 10, 2005

Age: 15 years old

Address: Purok-1, Mobod, Oroquieta

City

Hobbies: Dancing, Listening to

Music, Sleeping, reading jonaxx
stories, eating, watching movies and
dramas

Motto: Just listen to music and

escape the world.
Contact Number: 09094105899

Email Address:
[email protected]

Name: Edriel Jun J. Cabiara

Birth Date: June 8, 2006

Age: 15 years old

Address: Purok-3, Pines, Oroquieta

City

Hobbies: Watching TV and Playing

Motto: Nothing

Contact Number: 09317129239

Email Address:
[email protected]
Name: Charlyn Paula L. Gimoros

Birth Date: March 15, 2006

Age: 16 years old

Address: Purok-1, Lower Lamac,

Oroquieta

Hobbies/Interests: Watching K-
drama, Baking, and Watching Vlogs

Motto: "Don't feel selfish for focusing

on your own self-care and
happiness"

Contact Number: 09753346631

Email Address:
[email protected]

Name: Princess Kyla M. Ledesma

Birth Date: June 19, 2006

Age: 15 years old

Address: Purok-4, Talairon,

Oroquieta City

Hobbies: Dancing, Sleeping, Eating,

watching kdramas and movies,
listening to music
Motto: “You define your own life.
Don t let other people write your
script.”

Contact Number: 09458631944

Email Address:
[email protected]
Name: Graciela I. Satur

Birth Date: January 10, 2006

Age: 16 years old

Address: Purok 1, San Vicente Alto,

Oroquieta City

Hobbies/Interests:

Motto:

Contact Number:

Email Address:

Name: Ereca Jade R. Tubio

Birth Date: March 19, 2006

Age: 16 years old

Address: Purok – 2, Talic, Oroquieta

City

Hobbies: Fighting with siblings,

drawing, sketching, eating, taking
pictures and working out

Motto: I can handle, I can manage,

I'm a woman and I know it.

Contact Number: 09516541509

Email Address:
[email protected]

[email protected]
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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(2018, May 27). Handmade paper from waste banana fibre. Retrieved
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https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJSIR/article/view/36668

Augustyn, A. (2020, October 29). Banana. Retrieved November 23, 2021 from,
https://www.britannica.com/plant/banana-plant

Bluecat paper. (n.d.). Coconut husk paper. Retrieved November 9, 2021 from,
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paper/#:~:text=Coconut%20husk%20Is%20perfect%20For%20papermaki
ng&text=Coir%20is%20a%20by%2Dproduct,well%20as%20strengthening
%20the%20paper.

DebMandal, M. & Mandal S. (2011, March). Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.:

Arecaceae): In health promotion and disease prevention. Retrieved
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51504364_Coconut_Cocos_nuci
fera_L_Arecaceae_In_health_promotion_and_disease_prevention

Dinger, J.A. (2016, August). Evaluation of Durability of Nonwoven Polypropylene

Grocery Bags Under Routine Use. Retrieved from,
https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2476/

[Map of Gimoros’s Residence]. (n.d.). Google Map. Retrieved from

https://www.google.com/maps/place/PLDT+-
+Oroquieta/@8.4843907,123.794315,173m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0
x3254fe8690591b65:0x1b37d8538d0966bc!8m2!3d8.4843597!4d123.794
2504!5m2!1e1!1e4

[Map of Tubio’s Residence] ]. (n.d.). Google Map. Retrieved from

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Petron+Talic/@8.4772686,123.80440
89,17z/data=!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x32551dfd46b24ef1:0x79b8f67db8f587f
c!2sPetron+Talic!8m2!3d8.4772686!4d123.8065976!3m4!1s0x32551dfd46
b24ef1:0x79b8f67db8f587fc!8m2!3d8.4772686!4d123.8065976

Hendriksz V. (2017, August 28). Sustainable Textile Innovations: Banana Fibres.

Retrieved December 7, 2021 from,
https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/sustainable-textile-innovations-
banana-fibre/2017082825623

Rainbow Packaging (2017, October 31). Importance of Using Paper Bags.

Retrieved November 25, 2021 from
https://medium.com/@rainbowpackaging/importance-of-using-paper-bags-
d25e13f214c4
Tatum, M. (2022, April 17). What is Coconut Husk. Retrieved from,
https://www.delightedcooking.com/what-is-a-coconut-
husk.htm?fbclid=IwAR0urWpVWtJH-rk-
YeaDmkfQEufrZUh49FNwTSYiM9vavJ9PWH5jIn3MUR8

Vigneswaran, C., Pavithra V., Gayathri V. & Mythili K. (2015). Banana Fiber: Scope
and Value Added Product Development. Retrieved December 3, 2021 from,
https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/JTATM/article/view/6825/3586
 APPENDICES

Appendix I. List of Materials and Equipment

Materials Equipment

✓ Banana Stem ✓ Knife and Scissors

✓ Coconut Husk ✓ Chopping Board

✓ Caustic Soda (Sodium ✓ Firewood, Stove, and Cooking Pots

Hydroxide) ✓ Measuring cups/tools

✓ Clean Water ✓ Weighing Scale

✓ Cornstarch ✓ Basin

✓ Waste Papers ✓ Strainer

✓ White Glue (Apollo) ✓ Blender

✓ Empty containers

✓ Mold and Deckle

✓ Thin Cotton Fabric/Clean Cloth

✓ Sheets of Plywood

✓ Sponge

✓ Ruler

✓ Grocery Products

✓ Timer

✓ Scratch Cartoons

✓ Gloves
Appendix II. List of Grocery Products Used in Testing the Bursting Strength of

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Husk and Banana (Musa acuminata) Stem Fiber as an

alternative source in making an organic paper bag.

Products Quantity
Angel Kremdensada 2
Alaska Evaporada 1
Angel Condensada 2
RAM Pork and Beans 2
Hunts Pork and Beans 2
Mega Sardines 5
Mega Corned Sardines 2
Family’s Brand Sardines 2
Vinta Sardines 2

Appendix III. List of Grocery Products Used in Testing the Walking Test of

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Husk and Banana (Musa acuminata) Stem Fiber as an

alternative source in making an organic paper bag.

Products Quantity
Champion 24
Pride (Blue) 12
Pride (Pink) 12
Surf (Pink) 4
Surf (Green) 6
Wings 12
Appendix IV. Research Logbook

Figure IV.1 Title Page Figure IV.2 Table of Contents

Figure IV.3 List of Tables Figure IV.3 Experimental Proposal

Figure IV.5 Experimental Proposal Figure IV.6 Experimental Proposal

Figure IV.7 Experimental Proposal Figure IV.8 Experimental Proposal

Figure IV.9 Experimental Proposal Figure IV.10 Experimental Proposal

Figure IV.11 Experimental Proposal Figure IV.12 Experimental Proposal

 Figure IV.13 Figure IV.14 Record of Procedures

Figure IV.15 Record of Procedures Figure IV.16 Record of Procedures

Figure IV.17 Record of Procedures Figure IV.18 Record of Procedures

Figure IV.19 Record of Procedures Figure IV.20 Record of Procedures

Figure IV.21 Record of Procedures Figure IV.22 Record of Procedures

Figure IV.23 Record of Procedures Figure IV.24 Record of Correspondence

Figure IV.25 Record of Correspondence Figure IV.26

Figure IV.27 Figure IV.28 Data Tables

 Figure IV.29 Figure IV.30 Statistical Analysis

Figure IV.31 Statistical Analysis Figure IV.32 Conclusions

Figure IV.32 Conclusions
Appendix V. Documentation

Collection of Banana Stem Fiber at Collection of Coconut Husk at Canubay,

Dagatan, Oroquieta City. Oroquieta City.

Cutting of Coconut Husk

Cutting of Banana Stem Fibers

 Measuring the water for the boiling of Preparing and measuring the
samples. caustic soda.

Boiling of samples

Putting of caustic soda to the samples.

 Forming of the Organic Paper

Arrival of the Caustic Soda

Pulp Mixture Drying of the Organic Paper Bag

 Forming of the Organic Paper into Bursting Strength Endurance Test on
Organic Paper Bag commercial paper bag.

Bursting Strength Endurance Test on Reusability Test on organic paper bag.

organic paper bag.
Reusability Test on commercial paper
bag.