International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Vol.

V, Issue 1, January – March 2024

ISSN (ONLINE):2710-0308 www.irjmss.com ISSN (PRINT):2710-0316

Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

Single National Curriculum, 2021

Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training

Programme for Single National Curriculum, 2021
Khalid Mahmood Shaheen
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Educational Leadership and Management, IIU,
Islamabad.
Email: [email protected]

Dr. Sheikh Tariq Mahmood

Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Leadership and Management, IIU,
Islamabad.

Received on: 11-01-2024 Accepted on: 15-02-2024

Abstract
The main focus of this study was to evaluate the teacher training programme
imparted for the implementation of Single National Curriculum (SNC), 2021 and to
evaluate whether the online Teacher Training Programme with respect to suggested
pedagogies in Single National Curriculum, 2021 was successful or not. In the context
of implementation of Single National Curriculum (SNC), 2021, this study was
conducted to examine the Teacher Training Modules considering instructional
strategies and to investigate the opinion of teachers in the light of training imparted
in pedagogies and instructional strategies. Similarly, the opinion of students of class
V with respect to classroom pedagogies practiced by English language teachers after
getting Online Training was also explored. For this purpose, a concurrent mixed-
method research design involving both the qualitative and quantitative data and
techniques was adopted to evaluate whether the teacher training had enabled the
teachers to gain updated knowledge and skills pertaining to competencies, standards,
benchmarks, and SLOs in light of suggested pedagogies, instructional strategies, and
assessment techniques and had ability to adapt to the Single National Curriculum
after getting training and how well SNC was implemented in terms of pedagogies.
Stufflebeam’s (2017) CIPP model of programme evaluation was used for evaluation
of this training programme. For analysis of all the four components of CIPP model,
Context, input, process and output of the training programme, content analysis of
training modules was analyzed, questionnaire data was collected from a sample of
900 English language Primary School Teachers (PSTs) trainees and 15 Master
Trainers were included in the study, along with 135 students of Grade-V. The process
of implementation of teacher training programme, classroom observation checklist
was also used to investigate class room practices of the English language teachers. Six
lessons in six schools (three male, three female) were observed. Moreover, interviews
with Master Trainers were conducted for triangulation of results. Data analysis
depicted that although training modules contained material and content related to
the competencies, standards and bench marks regarding oral communication skills,

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Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

Single National Curriculum, 2021
writing skills, and vocabulary development, the training modules lacked material
regarding ethical and social behavior, reading skills and listening skills. Trainee
teachers considered that there was alignment of SNC with Training Modules (M =3.6).
However, teachers found nearly undecided about General Aspects of Training yielding
score (M= 3.3). On the other hand, they were nearly agreed on learning new
assessment techniques during their training as depicted in the score of (M= 3.7). The
same score (M =3.7) was gained on their opinion about learning new pedagogies.
Similarly, students were nearly agreed (M =3.9) about their English language teachers’
using new pedagogies in their class. Moreover, students were highly agreed with the
usage of their teachers’ adaptation of new assessment techniques in their English
class (M =4.2). Score (M= 2.7) gained on the classroom observation checklist revealed
that English language teachers were using newly learnt skills in their classroom.
Interviews with the master trainers indicated that the online model adopted for
teachers training was best suited to the circumstances of prevailing COVID-19
situation. Although there was some lack in alignment of content of curriculum
guidelines and training modules, the training was successful in disseminating
knowledge and skills related to the Single National Curriculum, 2021 to a very large
number of teachers throughout Punjab within a limited time period of three months.
There is a need, to included new content and modules of English language training for
fulfilling all the needs of curriculum and to conduct a comprehensive training
exclusively for English language teachers. Similarly, follow up of the training needs to
be conducted to monitor effective curriculum implementation. Moreover, to pinpoint
the effectiveness of the training, comparative analysis of students’ performance in the
summative assessment should be investigated in future research studies.
Keywords: Programme evaluation, online training, CIPP Model, Alignment of training modules, SNC

l. Introduction
Teachers are the most important personnel in the process of developing and implementing
curriculum (Alsubaie, 2016). Teachers’ role in school effectiveness (Ozgenel, & Mert, 2019),
students’ career choice (Wong, et al., 2021), implementation of inclusive education (Ginja, &
Chen, 2023), developing students’ emotional intelligence (Parinussa, et al. 2023; Valiente, et
al. 2020), students’ academic achievement in different subject areas (Fauth, et al. 2019;
Szumski & Karwowski, 2019; Toropova, et al. 2019), implementation of different pedagogies
and teaching strategies (Teig, et al., 2019), improving behaviors (Teig, et al., 2019), education
for sustainable development (Kalsoom, & Qureshi, 2019; Timm, & Barth, 2021), use of
technology in education (Konstantinidou, & Scherer, 2022), motivating the students
(Vermote, et al. 2020) have been highlighted in recent research work. Hence, they play a
crucial role in imparting different skills, knowledge, and creativity in students through their
pedagogical practices. Teachers are also key players in process of curriculum implementation
as reported by (Anif, et al., 2020; Arif, & Sulistianah, 2019; Duong, 2021; Shafie, et al., 2021;
Yue, & Shao, 2020). In this perspective, after adoption of textbooks as teaching and learning
material, success in curriculum implementation directly relates to the teachers’ competence
to teach newly adopted material (Yue, & Shao, 2020).
In this context, teachers’ knowledge and skills need to be updated in terms of new skills
related to any curriculum change. Professional development through teacher training can be
a key factor that contributes to the successful implementation of curriculum. Number of

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Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

Single National Curriculum, 2021

studies have been conducted on different aspects of teacher training and their importance in
curriculum implementation (Aneke & Otegbulu, 2016; Patankar & Jadhav, 2013). According
to Owen (2020), Evaluation can be considered as a process of knowledge production, which
develops through using rigorous empirical enquiry. Although, programme evaluation is an
essential tool to evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of a programme, research in the field of
programme evaluation is limited and needs further research (Huma, 2013; Usmani, 2013).
Teachers can only educate their students effectively when they are well equipped and trained
about the new learning content (Kabaday, 2016). In this context, teacher training is quite
beneficial in curriculum implementation (Mandukwini, 2016; Robinson, 2019).
Single National Curriculum (SNC) was implemented due to some major events in
constitutional history of Pakistan. Before the 18th amendment in the Constitution of Pakistan,
1973, the Concurrent Legislative list included the subject of Education which came under the
Provincial control after this amendment in 2010. According to Rana (2020) The 18th
Amendment brought several important changes to the Constitution that had a direct bearing
on provision of education in Pakistan. Perhaps the most significant was the insertion of Article
25A, which made education a fundamental right and required the state to provide free and
compulsory education to all children between the ages of 5–16 years. Implementation of this
fundamental right required the Federal and Provincial Governments to establish the
necessary legislative and institutional frameworks for their respective areas of jurisdiction.
Accordingly, the Provincial Governments enacted a new law to this effect, but only the Sindh
government framed rules to operationalize the right-to-education laws. Furthermore, the
abolition of the Concurrent List brought the two subjects of constitution in the exclusive
provincial realm, wherein, curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centers of excellence and
standards of education and Islamic education were now a subject of provincial governments.
This scenario led to a political risk that if all the provincial government were to develop and
implement an educational curriculum of their own, it could harm the integrity and ideological
unity of Pakistan as a Federation that could result into an irreparable loss to Pakistan as a
nation. Owing to this threat, the need of devising a Single National Curriculum for the whole
nation emerged strongly amongst the policy makers and all other stake holders as well.
Curriculum of 2006 was being taught till 2020. With a slogan and motto of “One Nation, One
Curriculum”, the Single National Curriculum was developed after the commencement of
current federal Government led by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). After implementation of
Single National Curriculum (SNC) in Pakistan in academic session 2021-22, a comprehensive
Online Training of Single National Curriculum was carried out in Punjab through the Quaid-
e-Azam Academy of Educational Development (QAED).

2. Literature Review
2.1 Programme Evaluation
Programme evaluation can be described as a systematic method of collecting, analyzing, and
using information to answer questions about projects, policies, and programmes, particularly
about their effectiveness and efficiency (Giancola, 2020). It is a process that consists of
collecting, analyzing, and using information to assess the relevance of a public programme,
its design, implementation, improvement, or outcomes (Linfield, & Posavac., 2018). In other
words, programme evaluation is a process of systematic appraisal used to determine the

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Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

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value, worth, or meaning of something, such as a programme, a method, an approach, or a

situation. The goal of programme evaluation is to provide information that contributes to
decisions that shape programme goals, strategic plans, and resource allocation. Programme
evaluations can serve several functions, including programme improvement, accountability,
and communication of programme goals and accomplishments to external audiences
(Mertens, & Wilson., 2012).

2.2 Programme Evaluation Models

There are a number of programme evaluation models that are devised and used to achieve
varied objectives of evaluation in different research designs. Based on the objectives and filed
of evaluation, there are several categories of programme evaluation models, including results
models, process models, system models, economic models, actor models, and programme
theory models (Garboan, 2008; Shakeman, 2013, Shakeman & Rodriguez., 2015). Some of the
programme evaluation models include; result models (Frye, & Hemmer., 2012), process
models (Balmer, et al., 2019), system model (Sankaran, & Saad., 2022), economic model
(Turner, et al., 2021), actor model (Stern, et al., 2012), programme theory (Shakeman &
Rodriguez., 2015), constructivist model (Egon, & Yvonna, 2001; Mensah, 2015), qualitative
model (Busetto, et al., 2020), utilization-focused evaluation model (Patton, 2013),
Kirkpatrick’s four level model (Kirkpatrick, 2006), CIRO model (Deller, 2021), Philip’s ROI
model (Downes, 2023), Kaufman’s model (Hays, 2021).
However, there is no defined boundary for restricting these models into a single category due
to their overlapping commonalities. Anh (2017), has described Tyler’s Objective Model,
Stake’s Responsive Model, Scriven’s Goal Free Model, and CIPP models as key historical
models for educational programme evaluation. Apart from these programme evaluation
models, Kirkpatrick (2021), model of programme evaluation is also one of the widely used
model.

2.3 CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) Model of Programme Evaluation

Stufflebeam (2003), updated CIPP model of programme evaluation was adopted which
involves context, input, process, and product of a programme focusing mainly on effectiveness
and sustainability, meta-evaluation, and synthesis of different components of a pragramme.
This model seeks the answer to the success or a failure of a programme and whether a
programme reached the target group or not. Moreover, it also determines what were the
needs that have been satisfied by the programme. In this model, the evaluation criteria are
derived from the aim and the objectives of the programme. CIPP (Context, Input, Process and
Product) model of programme evaluation was developed and upgraded by Stufflebeam
(2002) which falls into the category of Programme Theory Models and is considered as one
of the most widely used models of Programme evaluation in the field of Educational
Evaluation. Breuer, et al. (2016) suggested that Kirkpatrick’s Four Level Model, CIPP Model
or Outcomes-Based Evaluation Model can be adopted for programme evaluation studies in
Pakistan.

2.4 Use of CIPP model in Programme Evaluation

The CIPP model has been widely used in programme evaluation over the past several decades,

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and it has been praised for its flexibility and adaptability to a wide range of programmes and
contexts. The model's focus on the entire programme cycle, from planning and design through
implementation and evaluation, has made it a valuable tool for programme managers,
policymakers, and other stakeholders (Hakan, & Seval., 2011; Rooholamini, et al., 2017;
Sopha, & Nanni., 2019).
The CIPP model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of professional development
programmes for teachers and administrators. By assessing the context, input, process, and
product of the programme, evaluators can determine whether the programme is meeting its
goals and identify areas for improvement (Hakan, & Seval., 2011; Rooholamini, et al., 2017;
Sopha, & Nanni., 2019). The CIPP model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of school
improvement initiatives, such as school turnaround programmes or efforts to improve
student achievement. By examining the context, input, process, and product of the initiative,
evaluators can determine whether the initiative is having the intended impact and identify
areas for improvement (Hakan, & Seval., 2011; Rooholamini, et al., 2017; Sopha, & Nanni.,
2019). In other words, the CIPP model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a wide
range of education programmes, including after-school programmes, mentoring
programmes, and college access programmes. By assessing the context, input, process, and
product of the programme.

2.5 Importance of CIPP model for Programme Evaluation

Some of the key features of CIPP educational programme evaluation include its being
Comprehensive. The CIPP model evaluates the entire programme cycle, from planning and
design through implementation and evaluation. This model considers the programme
context, input, process, and product, which provides a comprehensive evaluation of the
programme effectiveness (Sopha, & Nanni., 2019).
The CIPP model provides a structured approach to evaluation, which ensures that all aspects
of the programme are considered in a systematic way. This approach helps evaluators to
identify strengths and weaknesses and make recommendations for improvement (Sopha, &
Nanni., 2019).
The CIPP model recognizes that educational programmes operate within a broader context,
which can influence their effectiveness. By considering the programme context, evaluators
can assess the impact of external factors on the programme success. The CIPP model can be
adapted to different types of educational programmes and contexts, making it a versatile
approach to evaluation. This flexibility allows evaluators to tailor the evaluation to the specific
needs of the programme. It is focused on the programme goals and objectives, which provides
a clear framework for evaluation. By assessing the programme effectiveness in meeting its
goals, evaluators can determine whether the programme is successful and identify areas for
improvement (Rooholamini, et al., 2017; Sopha, & Nanni., 2019).

2.6 Use of CIPP Model in Education

Research conducted by educationists and programmes evaluators have shown effectiveness
of using CIPP model for educational programme evaluation (Ketut 2019; Nyoman, 2021;
Nyoman, et al., 2019; Sopha, & Nanni, 2019). CIPP model have been in used for evaluating
different aspects of evaluation of English Language Teaching and Learning Programme

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(Abdul, et al. 2020; Agustina, & Mukhtaruddin, 2019; Ahmet, Ahmet, & Tugçenur 2020; Cici,
2021; Endang, 2021; Gorkem, & Enisa, 2021; Mustangin, & Riswanto, 2020; Satja, et al., 2019;
Shih, & Yuan, 2019; Yu-Chih, & Yun-Pi, 2019). Evaluation of Early Childhood Education
Programmes (Basaran, et al., 2021; Mehmet, et al. 2021; Utsman, et al, 2020). Programme,
curriculum, and teaching evaluation of Distance education (Prayogo, 2021; Prayogo, et al.,
2022). Evaluation of Online Learning Programmes (Damayanti, at al., 2022; Hasanah, at al.,
2021; Irawan, & Prasetyo, 2020; Irzan, at al., 2021; Prisuna, 2022; Purwaningsih & Dardjito,
2021; Tokmak, at al., 2013). Educational programme evaluation (Warju, 2016). Curriculum
evaluation (Bashri, at al., 2020; Keskin & Yazar, 2021; Ozdemir, & Başaran, 2021; Priantini,
et.al. 2021; Tuna, & Basdal, 2021). Evaluation of Madrissah education programme (Ummah,
& Ariyanto, 2019). CIPP model is used for quality evaluation at school level (Aziz, et al., 2018).
This model is also used for Professional development programme evaluation (Molope &
Oduaran, 2019).

2.7 Online Teacher Training by QAED

Some experts like Kabaday (2016) described models of teacher training under specific
categories, however, Online Teacher Training of SNC was a blend of Web-Based Interactive
Model and Web 2.0 LMS Model (Reid, 2017). Four modules of Teaching English were included
in this training focusing on teaching of four language skills. Therefore, Content analysis of
these modules was completed keeping in view the alignment and clarity of Objectives of
Modules with SNC, and alignment of Training Modules with competencies, standards,
benchmarks, and students learning outcomes set in the SNC.
2.7.1 Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework for this study is illustrated in Figure 2.1. It shows the relationship
among the variables analyzed to achieve the objectives of this study. It shows how online
training of Primary School Teachers was evaluated using a concurrent mixed-method design
by collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data and triangulation of results.

Figure: Conceptual Framework

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Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

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3. Methodology
Research Design: Both quantitative and qualitative research approach was used in this study,
emphasizing basic statistical analysis of data collected through content analysis,
questionnaires, observation checklist and interviews. By data analysis, the study sought to
provide a robust understanding of teachers’ and students' perceptions in usefulness of the
online teacher training and its effectiveness through use of newly learned knowledge and
skills in English language class by investigating their satisfaction in training. The population
frame of this study was composed of teachers who got online teacher training and the
students of grade V in Punjab. A sample size of 900 teachers and 135 students were the
respondents whose opinion was collected by using two separate questionnaires. Moreover, a
classroom observation checklist was also used to determine use of new pedagogies by the
teachers after completion of their training. Similarly, 15 master trainers were also
interviewed. Convenient sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was employed,
allowing the researcher to efficiently gather data from relevant respondents.

Data Collection Tool/Instrumentation:

Two questionnaires of five-point Likert scale were employed for data collection, allowing
respondents to express their agreement or disagreement with specific statements. The choice
of the 5-point Likert scale was guided by its simplicity and efficiency in obtaining responses.

4. Data Collection Technique/Strategy

Table 4.1: Demographic Profile of teachers (n=900)
Frequency Percent
Male 464 51.5
Gender
Female 436 48.5
26 to 32 years 188 20.9
33 to 39 years 193 21.4
Age Group 40 to 46 years 203 22.6
47 to 53 years 159 17.7
54 to 60 years 157 17.4
Bahawalpur 100 11.1
D.G.Khan 100 11.1
Faisalabad 100 11.1
Gujranwala 100 11.1
Division-wise
Lahore 100 11.1
Location
Multan 100 11.1
Rawalpindi 100 11.1
Sahiwal 100 11.1
Sargodha 100 11.1
The data was collected from 900 respondents. This group consisted of 464 males (51.5%) and
436 females (48.5%). Moreover, 188 participants (20.9%) were in the age group of 26 to 32
years, 193 participants (21.4%) were between 33 to 39 years, 203 respondents (22.6%) were
between 40 to 46 years, 159 (17.7%) were from 47 to 53 years, and 157 participants (17.4%)
were between 56 to 60 years of age. Divisional representation of the sample was equal

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(11.1%) from each of the nine administrative divisions of the province of Punjab.
Table 4.2: Demographic Profile of students (n=135)
Frequency Percent
Male 74 54.8
Gender
Female 61 45.2
Data from students’ questionnaire was collected from 135 students. This group consisted of
74 male (54.20%) while 61 (45.2%) students were female.
Apart from the questionnaires, six schools (three male, three female) were also included in
the study where six lessons each were observed through classroom observation checklist.
Finally, fifteen master trainers were interviewed for triangulation purpose.

Table 4.3: Alignment of Training Modules with SNC Guidelines with respect to Reading
Competencies
Content/Statement
Training Module
SNC Document Page Reference Training Module
Reference
Oral Communication Page. 14 Oral Slide 14, 35, 36, 37,
Skills (Listening and Communication 38, 39.
Speaking) Skills
Reading and Critical Page. 14 Reading and Slide 95.
Thinking Skills Critical Thinking
Skills
Formal and Lexical Page. 14 _ _
Aspects of Language
Writing Skills Page. 14 Writing Skills Slide 14, 37, 59, 67,
68, 74, 84, 85, 88,
121.
Appropriate Ethical and Page. 14 _ _
Social Development
Table No. 4.3 shows competencies related to Oral Communication Skills (Listening and
Speaking) have been mentioned on the page No. 14 of Single National Curriculum document
while this competency was part of training module being mentioned on slides No. 14, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39. Similarly, competency on Writing Skill was mentioned on the page No. 14 of Single
National Curriculum document also and the same competency was included in slide No. 14,
37, 59, 67, 68, 74, 84, 85, 88, 121 of the training module. On the other hand, Reading and
Critical Thinking Skills was included in the Single National Curriculum document on page No.
14 but there was only one presentation slide (No. 95) mentioning this competency in the
training module. In contrast, competencies regarding Formal and Lexical Aspects of Language
and Appropriate Ethical and Social Development were mentioned on the page No. 14 of Single
National Curriculum document but both these competencies were not included in any
presentation slide of the training module. It can be concluded that there were 10 presentation
slides on Writing Skills, six (06) presentation slides about Oral Communication Skills, and one
(01) slide on Reading and Critical Thinking Skills while there were no presentation slides
mentioning competencies related to Lexical Aspects of Language and Appropriate Ethical and

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Social Development, although all these competencies were included in the guidelines of Single
National Curriculum. All these aspects of the alignment of curriculum guidelines with a
training programme are pointed out in by Gonzales, et al. (2012).
Table 4.4: Opinion of Teachers about Online Training Programme
SDA D NDA A SA
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % M
Trainees were
taught how to
teach Oral 61 13 73 6 10 11 538 60 228 10 3.9
Communication
skills
Teaching
pronunciation,
stress patterns,
17 2 68 8 137 15 539 60 139 15 3.8
and intonation
were included
in the training
Training
related to
teaching using
appropriate
formal and 137 15 365 41 87 10 261 29 50 6 2.7
informal
communication
in different
social settings
Teaching
comprehension
to students
through
different tasks 15 9 13 11 35 4 573 64 264 12 4.2
to understand a
variety of texts
was part of the
training.
Training
related to
teaching
students how to
219 8 447 33 20 13 129 37 85 10 2.3
analyze literary
text to seek
information
was imparted.

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SDA D NDA A SA
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % MFreq. %
Training
modules
included ways
17 19 7 39 86 10 422 25 368 8 4.2
to teach
enhancement
in vocabulary.
Teaching
grammatical
and lexical
aspects of the
15 2 18 21 43 11 521 58 303 8 4.2
English
language was
part of the
training.
The teaching of
creative writing
35 4 174 19 68 7 416 46 207 23 3.7
was imparted in
training.
Training
included ways
to learn writing
fluent, accurate, 187 10 113 11 86 10 376 54 138 15 3.2
focused, and
purposeful
English.
Trainees were
explained about
benchmarks of
learning
53 11 68 8 51 6 506 56 222 19 3.9
English for
grade-V
according to
SNC
Average 76 9 135 20 62 10 428 49 200 13 3.6
Table no. 4.4 represents the data of responses of teachers regarding their opinion about
knowledge and skills related to competencies, standards, benchmarks, and SLOs. It indicates
that the ‘Teaching comprehension to students through different tasks to understand a variety
of texts was part of the training’, ‘Training modules included ways to teach enhancement in
vocabulary’ and ‘Teaching grammatical and lexical aspects of the English language was part
of the training’ was (M=4.2) which shows a strong agreement from the participants on these
statements. Similarly, (M=3.9) on ‘Trainees were taught how to teach Oral Communication

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skills’ and ‘Trainees were explained about benchmarks of learning English for grade-V
according to SNC’ shows that the participants were nearly agree to these statements, while
(M =3.8) on ‘Teaching pronunciation, stress patterns, and intonation were included in the
training’ and (M = 3.7) on ‘The teaching of creative writing was imparted in training’ also
indicate that there is almost an agreement on these statements. However, the (M =3.2), and
(M=2.7) on ‘Training included ways to learn writing fluent, accurate, focused, and purposeful
English’ and ‘Training related to teaching using appropriate formal and informal
communication in different social settings’ respectively shows that the participants were
nearly undecided on these statements. In contrast, the ‘Training related to teaching students
how to analyze literary text to seek information was imparted’ was (M=2.3) which indicates
a slight disagreement from the participants with this statement. An overall (M =3.6) related
to the teachers’ opinion about training of skills related to competencies, standards,
benchmarks, and SLOs indicates that the respondents were nearly agree in this regard.

Table 4.4: Score of Classroom Observation Checklist

Frequency Percentage M
Observation
(1)
(2)
Observed
ded
Not
recommen
emphasis
(3)
More
well
hed very
Accomplis
(1)
(2)
Observed
ded
Not
recommen
emphasis
(3)
More
well
hed very
Accomplis
Teacher Teaches English using New
3 4 29 44 0 56 2.7
Pedagogical Methods
Teacher keeps teaching from the
0 15 21 0 53 47 2.6
textbook only
There are a lot of activities to
3 7 26 44 22 33 2.6
perform by the students
Teacher takes test on English using
0 6 30 0 44 56 2.8
new assessment techniques
Language skills like listening,
speaking, reading, writing is taught 0 4 32 0 42 58 2.9
appropriately
Education for Sustainable
Development (ESDA) is included in 0 7 29 0 67 33 2.8
lessons
Concept of Global Citizenship
0 5 31 0 47 53 2.9
education is taught
Teachers use Rubrics to test
0 6 30 0 44 56 2.8
students’ learning.
Teacher checks English Notebook
0 0 36 0 0 100 3.0
regularly and gives feedback
Teacher uses jigsaw reading and
0 4 32 0 56 44 2.9
concept map techniques
Teacher asks questions regarding
0 9 27 0 25 75 2.8
how students feel about a lesson
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Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

Single National Curriculum, 2021

Frequency Percentage M
Observation

(1)
(2)
Observed
ded
Not
recommen
emphasis
(3)
More
well
hed very
Accomplis
(1)
(2)
Observed
ded
Not
recommen
emphasis
(3)
More
well
hed very
Accomplis
Teacher tells the students about
5 5 26 56 14 31 2.6
websites related to your lesson
Teacher teaches how to talk
0 11 25 0 58 42 2.7
frequently in English
English lesson includes listening
5 14 17 19 67 14 2.3
practice also
Teacher teaches about critical
4 7 25 25 47 28 2.6
thinking in English class
Teaching of grammar and
vocabulary are given appropriate 0 17 19 0 47 53 2.5
time
There is a lot of writing activity in
0 24 12 0 67 33 2.3
class
Teacher teaches ethics and good
0 13 23 0 36 64 2.6
citizenship in during class
Students are given Performance
Tasks exercise in class for 5 16 15 14 44 42 2.3
assessment
Overall M Score 1 9 26 11 41 48 2.7
Table 4.4 shows the data related to classroom observation of pedagogies practiced by the
Primary School Teachers (PSTs) in their English language class of grade V. Checklist rating of
three male (03) and three female (03) English language classrooms, where six lessons each
were observed, is shown in this table. Data indicates that checking of notebooks regularly and
giving of feedback was accomplished very well as it gained an average 3.0 rating, while rating
on ‘Language skills like listening, speaking, reading, writing are taught appropriately’,
‘Concept of Global Citizenship education is taught’, ‘Teacher uses jigsaw reading and concept
map techniques’ was 2.9. Moreover, 2.8 rating was observed on ‘Teacher takes test on English
using new assessment techniques’, ‘Education for Sustainable Development (ESDA) is
included in lessons’, ‘Teachers use Rubrics to test students’ learning’, ‘Teacher asks questions
regarding how students feel about a lesson’ while the rating on ‘Teacher Teaches English using
New Pedagogical Methods’, and ‘Teacher teaches how to talk frequently in English’ was 2.7.
Classroom observation yielded a rating of 2.6 on ‘Teacher keeps teaching from the textbook
only’, ‘There are a lot of activities to perform by the students’, ‘Teacher tells the students about
websites related to your lesson’, ‘Teacher teaches about critical thinking in English class’, and
‘Teacher teaches ethics and good citizenship in during class’, while rating on ‘Teaching of
grammar and vocabulary are given appropriate time’ was 2.5. ‘English lesson includes
listening practice also’ and ‘There is a lot of writing activity in class and ‘Students are given
Performance Tasks exercise in class for assessment’ had a rating of 2.3. Overall average rating
of the observation checklist was 2.7 which shows that teachers were nearly accomplishing
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Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

Single National Curriculum, 2021

the practice of newly learned pedagogies in their English language class taught to Grade V
students.
Table 4.5: Opinion of Students about Online Training Programme
SDA D NDA A SA
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % M
Your Teacher Teaches
English in New 9 12 14 19 15 20 55 74 42 57 3.8
Teaching Style
Your teacher keeps
teaching from the 7 9 18 24 14 19 61 82 35 47 3.7
textbook only
There are a lot of
activities taught in 8 11 15 20 15 20 59 80 38 51 3.8
your English lesson
You are learning more
language skills like
11 15 13 18 11 15 44 59 56 76 3.9
listening, speaking,
reading, writing.
Teacher uses jigsaw
reading and concept
6 8 10 14 9 12 47 63 63 85 4.1
map in your English
Class
Teacher teaches you
how to talk frequently 4 5 7 9 0 0 51 69 69 93 4.2
in English
Your English lesson
includes listening 8 11 11 15 7 9 64 86 45 61 3.9
practice also
Your teacher teaches
you about critical
5 7 9 12 2 3 58 78 61 82 4.2
thinking in your
English class
You are taught
grammar and 11 15 8 11 4 5 63 85 49 66 4.0
vocabulary regularly
There is a lot of
writing activity in 19 26 17 23 14 19 39 53 46 62 3.6
your English class
Average 9 12 12 16 9 12 54 73 50 68 3.9
Table 4.5 above depicts the class V students’ opinion about the English teachers’ teaching
practiced in their class. (M=4.2) was gained on ‘Your teacher teaches you about critical
thinking in your English class’, and ‘Teacher teaches you how to talk frequently in English’
which shows that students were more than agreed to these statements, while they were also

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Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

Single National Curriculum, 2021

agreed to the statement of ‘You are taught grammar and vocabulary regularly’ having (M=
4.0). Moreover, score on ‘You are learning more language skills like listening, speaking,
reading, writing’, and ‘Your English lesson includes listening practice also’ was (M=3.9) which
indicates an almost agreement from the respondents on these statements. The score on
‘There are a lot of activities taught in your English lesson’, and ‘Your Teacher Teaches English
in New Teaching Style’ was (M=3.8), while ‘Your Teacher keeps teaching from the textbook
only’ and ‘There is a lot of writing activity in your English class had (M= 3.7) and (M=3.6)
respectively. An overall score of (M=3.6) regarding Opinion of Students about their English
Teacher’s Teaching Practice in their Class shows that there was nearly an agreement from the
students on this aspect.
Date from table 4.3 to 4.5 depicts that English language teachers gained knowledge in terms
of their being critically aware, self-directed, reflective, and analytical, and had the ability to
adapt to the Single National Curriculum 2021 which was verified by the opinion of students
in this regard and rating of classroom observation checklist. In theory, Alsaleh (2020), is of
the opinion that critical awareness is recognized as one of the most important thinking skills
and one of the most important indicators learning quality. Similarly, being analytical needs
to be incorporated into the curriculum training and teaching approaches and so that they can
be sequenced at school. Technology based online training might promote such skills. Teaching
approaches taught is this training may pave the gap in teaching skills in terms of being self-
directed and reflective. In previous research studies, Slaughter and Cross (2021), Rust (2017),
Singh, et al. (2022) have also pointed out the similar results in their studies. According to
Singh, et al. (2022), teachers had a positive opinion about learning and practicing new
pedagogies and assessment techniques in their training as they demonstrated good
awareness and mastery of different assessment strategies, including alternative, formative,
and summative assessments. Similarly, research results of Slaughter and Cross (2021)
indicated that teachers recognized the difference between traditional, standardized exams
and alternative assessments that focus on the learning process and higher-order thinking
skills and they were able to incorporated a variety of alternative assessment strategies in their
English language classes, such as observations, self-assessments, peer assessments, and
portfolio assessments as they viewed these assessment techniques more effective in
identifying students' learning strengths and weaknesses by successfully applying these new
pedagogies and assessment techniques in their Grade V English language classes. These
studies also indicated that teachers found new assessment techniques helped them to engage
students more actively in the learning process. Hence, the results of this indicate that the
teachers had a very positive view of the new pedagogies and assessment techniques they
learned and were able to effectively implement them in their Grade V English classes, leading
to improved student learning.

5. Discussion
The findings of this study have unveiled the online teacher training programme was
successful in imparting knowledge, skills and pedagogies to the training teachers in
accordance with the guidelines provided by the Curriculum Guidelines by National
Curriculum Committee (NCC) documents. Moreover, teachers generally practiced their
updated professional skills in the relevant classroom teaching. There were some

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Using CIPP Model to Evaluate Online Teacher Training Programme for

Single National Curriculum, 2021

shortcomings as indicated by the master trainers in their interviews, like less training span,
lack of technological facilities with the trainees, but overall, this training programme was
successful and effective in achieving its objectives.
Alignment of Single National Curriculum guidelines with Training Modules
The content of training modules was moderately aligned with the guidelines provided in the
Curriculum guidelines by the National Curriculum committee.
Dissemination of updated Knowledge to trainee teachers
The online teacher training programme was successful in disseminating and providing
updated
knowledge and skills to the trainees’ teachers.
Teachers’ training for becoming critically aware
The Online teacher training programme successfully managed to make the trainee teachers
critically aware.
Practice of New knowledge and skills in English Language class
Teachers were practicing newly gained knowledge and skills from the online teacher training
programme in their English language class.
Successfulness on Online Training Programme
Although the online teacher training programme was mostly successful in implementing the
new pedagogies and related knowledge and skills through training of Primary School
Teachers of English language, there was a need of improving the effectiveness of the
programme through inclusion on new segments in training and perpetual follow up of the
programme.

6. Conclusion
In sum, although the findings of this study indicate successfulness and effectiveness of the
online training programme in disseminating knowledge and skills to the trainee teachers for
implementation of Single National Curriculum, there should be a mode of continuous
professional development to update pedagogical skills among teachers. Moreover, after
implementation of Single National Curriculum for the upper elementary levels from academic
sessions of 2022-23 and for Secondary classes from the academic session 2023-24, it is very
essential to conduct similar training programmes for upper elementary and secondary school
teachers. Lastly, to closely monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of such training
programmes, results of the summative assessments should be compared with the training as
true outcome of such programmes.

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