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CSEC Bio Paper 2 Booklet (2016 - 2023)

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CSEC Bio Paper 2 Booklet (2016 - 2023)

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You are on page 1/ 160

r FORM TP 2016045 %.

TEST CODE OI2O7O2O

MAY/JI.TNE 2OI6
-l
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@
EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

I This paper consists of SIX questions in TWo sections. AnswerALL questions.

2 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3 Do NOT write in the margins.

4 Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated with diagrams.

5 If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer,

6. If youuse the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2014 Caribbean Examinations Council

L 0t207020tF 2016
ililfl Iilil ilil flilt ilfl!]t !il flilt ilfi !ffi ilililr
0120702003 J
r -4- -l
SECTION A

AnswerALL questions in this section'

write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

1. (a) Students investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction of the enzyme, catalase.
They use crushed potato as the source of the enzyme and place 5 mg into each of 7 test
tubes. They add 3 cm3 of l%o hydrogen peroxide to each test tube andoC, place them into
water-baths kept at the following temperatures: 0 "C, l0 "C,20
oC, 30 40 oC, 50 "C
and 60 .C. They count the number of bubbles released per minute from each test tube
and record the data in Table l.

TABLE 1: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CATALASE ACTIVITY

Test Temperature (oC) Number of O,

Tube Bubbles per Minute

I 0 0

2 l0 I

3 20 5

4 30 l0

5 40 l5

6 50 I

7 60 0

(i) Plot a graph on the grid provided on page 5 to show the relationship between the
number of oxygen bubbles released and temperature. (4 marks)

(ii) From your graph, determine the optimum temperature for the enzyme

(1 mark)

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0t207020/F 2016

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0120702004
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Graph showing the effect of temperature on the rate of an enryme-catalyzed reaction

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

0t207020/F 2016

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0120702005
ilt ilt tfl
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r (iii)
-6-

Explain the shape of the graph at EACH of the following temperature

ranges:

0-10 0c

ll-40 "c

>400c

(6 marks)

(iv) Write a conclusion that the students could draw from their results.

(1 mark)

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01207020/F 2016

L I lill lllll lilll lil

tilil ulr lill lllll lllll lllll
0120702006
llll llll
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(v) Suggest ONE reason why living organisms need to maintain
a constant internal
temperature.

(1 mark)

(vi) Describe TWO precautions that the students should take when doing this
experiment.

(2 marks)

(vii) How could this experiment be modified to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme
activity?

(2 marks)

(b) Name TWO enzymes that function in protein digestion and describe the role of EACH.

(2 marks)

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01207020tF 2016

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0120702007
ilil ffi ill
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-8-

Before food can be chemically digested by enzymes,

it must first be mechanically broken
down in the alimentary canal
for the mechanical
(i) Name TWO parts of the alimentary canal that are responsible
digestion of food

(2 marks)

(ii) Give TWO reasons why mechanical digestion of food is important

(2 marks)

(iii) Explain the significance of chemical digestion of food.

(2 marks)

Total25 marks

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0t2070201F 2016

L lilllililililllllllillllillllilllllllilllllillillil
0120702008 _t
r -9- -l

NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

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01207020/F 2016

L ilflil ilfl ilil ilil tilil tilil ilililut ililt ilil tililu
0120702009 J
r
2. (a) (i)
-10-

ln the box provided below, draw a food web consisting ofthe following organisms:
-l
a Algae
a Smallfish
a Tadpole
a Water snake
a Egret
a Eagle

(3 marks)

(ii) What is the role of the organism at the start of the food web?

(1 mark)

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01207020/F 2016

L I lilfl illt llfl il]t tilil tilil ililt tilt ilil il]t ilt
0120702010
til
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- ll -

Name the organism which performs EACH ofthe following functions in the food
-l
web drawn in (a) (i) on page 10.

a) Both as a prey and a predator .............

(1 mark)

b) Primary consumer
(1 mark)

c) Secondaryconsumer
(1 mark)

b) Tertiary consumer (top carnivore) ............

(1 mark)

(iv) From your food web in (a) (i), draw a food chain consisting of THREE organisms.

(l mark)

(v) What is the role of the organism to which the arrow points in a food chain?

(l mark)

(vi) Explain why energy flows in one direction in the food chain

(2 marks)

(b) List THREE features of an environment which support living organisms.

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks
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012070201F 2016

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012070201',|
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3. (a) Define EACH of the following terms:
-12- -l
(i) Stimulus

(l mark)

(ii) Receptor

(1 mark)

(iii) Effector

(1 mark)

(b) Figure I is a diagram of a section through the human eye

spog X
-Blind

Figure 1. Section through the human eye

(i) Label EACH of the following parts of the eye on Figure l:

. Pupil
. Ciliary muscles
. Retina
. Optic nerve (4 marks)

(ii) Why is X called the 'blind spot'?

(l mark)
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01207020/F 2016

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0120702012
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(c)
1 boy looks up from reading his book to see a helicopter flying in the
distance. Account
changes that would occur in the lens of uotn Lr nisiyes to enable him to see the
fol.the
netrcopter.

(3 marks)

(d) Figure 2 shows two eyes labelled A and B, under two different light conditions.

.\irt

.'i

A B

Figure 2. Eyes under different light conditions

which of the eyes in Figure 2,Aor B, shows the appearance of an eye exposed to dim
light? Explain your answer.

(3 marks)

(e) Why is it important for the eye to respond when exposed to very bright light?

(1 mark)
Total 15 marks

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01207020/F 2016

ililil ilil ilililut ilil Iilil

0120702013
ilililufl!il tffi ilil til
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-14-

Answer ALL questions in this section'

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet'

system' and using

4. (a) In the box below, draw a labelled diagram of the female reproductive
to fertilize an ovum'
an arrow, trace the path that a spermatozoon would have to take

(6 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

012070201F 2016

L Iffiillllllllil ilil|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllll
0120702014 J
r (b)
-1s-
A young couple wants to choose between two contraceptive
-l
methods barrier surgical.
Discuss why the male may prefer the barrier methodrather - surgical ormethod
than the of
contraception. Your answer should include Two advantages
of the barrier method and
THREE disadvantages of the surgical method.

(5 marks)

(c) A biologist discovers that the flowers of a species of plants have no male reproductive pafts.
Suggest ONE method by which these plants produce offspring, and THREE advantages
of this method.

Method

Advantages

(4 marks)
Total 15 marks
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01207020/F 2016

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flil! il]t
0120702015
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s. (a)
-16-
With the aid of a chemical equation, explain what is meant
by the term 'photosynthesis',
and discuss how a dicotyledonous leaf ii adapted
to capture maximum sunlight and carbon
dioxide for the Process.

Photosynthesis ...'.......

Equation ........

Adaptations

(11 marks)

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012070201F 2016

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0120702016
llil llll
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-17 -

Outline how decomposers assist in the cycling of carbon dioxide to make it available to
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green plants.

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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01207020/F 2016

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0120702017
lllllllllllllllllllllll
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6- (a)
- 18 -

State TWO causes of anaemia and describe TWO signs/symptoms of the disease.
-l
Causes

Signs/symptoms ........

(4 marks)

(b) Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by the presence of a recessive allele. Persons who are
heterozygous and carry the sickle-cell allele are more resistant to a type of severe malaria
than persons who are homozygous for the normal haemogrobin allele.

(i) State what is meant by EACH of the following terms:

Homozygous .........

Heterozygous ..........

(2 marks)

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01207020/F 2016

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0120702018
ffiilililililil tffi ilt ilt
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-19-

With the aid of a genetic diagram, show how a man and a woman who do NOT
-l
have sickle-cell anaemia can have a child who has the disease.

(6 marks)

(iii) Explain why the sickle-cellallele is more common in the population, in countries
where the severe form of malaria is present'

(3 marks)
Total 15 marks
END OF TEST

THIS TEST'
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON

0t2070201F 2016

L ltffi lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllll
0't20702019 J
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20 -l
If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

01207020/F 2016

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0120702020
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-J
r FORM TP 2017045
qto TEST CODE OI2O7O2O
MAY/JUNE 2017
-l
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@
EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. AnswerALL questions.

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4. Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated with diagrams.

6. If youuse the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2015 Caribbean Examinations Council

L-'.or,oro2o. 2or7
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0120702003
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SECTION A

AnswerALL questions in this section.

..
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. '.-.

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:1_l

.l
1. (a) In an experiment, some students put corn seeds into each of two test tubes labelled A and T
J

B, as shown in Figure l. -J
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+
20"c 10 "c ..1

A B a!
.i
-:-i

=
...
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...
=
Moist cotton wool r-
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Figure 1. Apparatus and materials used for experiment
.i
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(i) Write a suitable aim for this experiment.
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s
(2 marks) -
=
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(iD In which of the tubes, A or B, would germination most likely occur? Give ONE .'-A
z
reason for your answer.
..\
l-s
..-....

(2 marks)

(iii) State TWO roles that the moisture from the coffon wool plays in the process of
germination.
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Iffi (2 marks) ..4

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0t207020tr' 2017

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0120702004 J
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-5-

The corn seedlings which germinated are placed in a pot and exposed to unidirectional
-l
light as shown in Figure 2.
F
i-
I
h,
t
r, Cardboard box
!.
Corn shoots
Light bulb

Desk lamp

Figure 2. Corn seedlings exposed to unidirectional light

-'i..
>..: (i) What type of movement is shown by the plants in Figure 2?
-\--
$..

(1 mark)

(iD State a hypothesis that the students could test by using the apparatus and materials
shown in Figure 2.

-l (2 mar;;;
*1:::
E.
ir- (iii) The students want the seedlings to grow straight towards the ceiling. Suggest how
iAi-
\a-.-
!E--
they could manipulate the apparatus to get this result.
*+'
E:,
N..
l!{i.
ttjj
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tr-.-.tr
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(1 mark)
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-6-

The seedlings shown in Figure 2 use all the nutrients stored in the cotyledons.
-l
Discuss the process by which these plants can make more nutrients.

t
I

-i
.I

':
(4 marks) i:
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iti
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(v) Discuss the processes by which the raw materials required for making nutrients
reach the leaves of the plant. =

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'i{
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(4 marks)

,:ti
€i
i-e

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0t207020/F 2017

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0120702006 I
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F.
(c) (i) Starch is the most coflrmon carbohydrate that is found in the leaves of green plants'
Describe a test that the students could do in the laboratory to investigate whether
tt+ starch is present in the leaves of the seedlings.
i,!f.
Ft,

+
>:
+

\
=
\
x
A:

(4 marks)

(ii) Name ONE plant organ, other than leaves, where starch may be found.

(1mark)

(iii) Instead of starch, animals store complex carbohydrates such as glycogen. Name
TWO organs in an animal's body which store glycogen.

$.
"si
(2 marks)

Total25 marks

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01207020/F 2017

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0120702007
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2.
-8-

Figure 3 represents the Whittaker Five-Kingdom Classification of living organisms

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LIVING ORGANISMS 3
,=
n
Type of cells
I+
i
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(i) Eukaryote II
,F
:{i
Number of cells .\tr
.;
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Kingdom
Monera
2
Example: bacteria Unicellular (iD

Kingdom Protista
Presence of cell wall

(iiD
Example
Yes No

(v) Kingdom
Tlpe of Nutrition
:E
Example: fish .-+-*-
Autotroph Heterotroph ilt
:S+
\E
+ N
(iv) Kingdom Kingdom Fungi
: :{*
Example yeast

Figure 3. Whittaker Five-I(ingdom Classification of living organisms

(a) Complete the classification by writing the correct answers at (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) in
Figure 3. (5 marks)

.+.
(b) Each kingdom is further subdivided into taxa with the lowest rank being the level of -rrt
species. .E'
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(i) Define the term 'species'. E
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(2 marks) e
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0t207020/F 2017

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0120702008
ffi lill illl llll llil llll
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t- -9- -l
(ii) Using the human species as an example, explain why physical appearance or
i*j morphology isNOT always useful for identiffing organisms belonging to the same
.+.
g1 species.
!i+.'

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ir-
k.'
5t
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--
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*i.
S.i
-1
;1'' (2 marks)
t=--

ks. (iiD Suggest ONE reason why biologists use the biological concept of species instead
o': of physical characteristics to classiff organisms.
a.

;"-'-
\i{*l-.
g'
--- (2 marks)
'.ir1.
:+;Ei
-1xi'
-|lii1 (c) Some lizards were washed away on a log during a hurricane and landed on a remote island.
F* Several years later, they were classified as a new species.
.E..
lii.:
+t, (i) Using the biological concept of a species, state TWO reasons why they were
,\.'
tiii:-
reclassified.
.8.
-r*---

.*.
..Q!.
el
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(2 marks)

(ii) The new species of lizards living in the mountainous region of the island were
,.X-. found to be smaller than those living on the lowlands. Suggest TWO reasons for
..f,t}. this variation.
..1*l
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.-fi'
i:ix-:-.

..{-.' (2 marks)
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012070208 2017

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3. (a)
- l0-

Figure 4 illustrates the events that take place during the human menstrual cycle.
-l :l
t.

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=
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ar]
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Hormone Y
o
Hormone X
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(l)
9

U
0 I 2 3 4

Time (weeks)

A\ Cornus ruteum
@
Follicle develops

@
ffi (9
e# develops

Z ..=
Menstruation :.IQ
o! q
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Time (weeks)
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Figure 4. Human menstrual cycle '-L1
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(i) Identifu Hormones X and Y and the event occuning at Z. :o

IQ
x ...............

Y ...............

Z
(3 marks)

(ii) What is the role of EACH hormone in the menstrual cycle? .r9a
r_-k

x .t*{.
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.tsr.
.:e+
.-tri.
.-l\+
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Y..... iix-
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(2 marks) ..$.
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012070208 20t7

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0120702010 J
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- 11-

Name the organ that produces Hormones X and Y.

-l
x
Y
(2 marks)

(i") Discuss the fate of the following structures shown in Figure 4 if fertillzation of
the ovum occurs.

Corpus luteum

Uterus lining

(4 marks)

(b) Some contraceptive pills contain hormones. Suggest how this may prevent pregnancy.

(1 mark)

(3 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
012070201F 2017

L I tilil illt illl illfl fllt illl lil lllll illl llil llll llll
0120702011 I
t- -12- -l
SECTION B

Answer ALL questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

E
....\
4- (a) (i) Explain how structures in the human eye control the amount of light that enters
the eye.

.+i
-A
:-ts)
,,fr
'.o
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"ti
.-{-i.
:Irl'
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.\..
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(4 marks)

't;-.
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t::.
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FT''
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i

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0t207020tr. 2017

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0120702012
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(iD Jenny enters a dimly lit room and cannot see the colours of the furniture until the
lights are switched on. Explain how Jenny is able to discern objects in the dimly
lit room but cannot see the colours until the lights are switched on.

(5 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

012070208 2017

L I il]il il] ilil il!il ililt

0120702013
ill lil lllll llll llill lil lill
I
r (b)
-14-

A certain form of colour-blindness is inherited as a recessive allele carried on the X

-l
.aa-_

_i;
chromosome. It is thus said to be 'X-linked'or'sex-linked'. Awoman with normal colour fti
vision, whose father is colour-blind, mates with a colour-blind man. What is the chance fi
of them having colour-blind children? Use a genetics diagram to explain your answer. :v1
E
lli
Use B for the allele for normal vision and b for the allele for colour-blindness.
E
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rA-j
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(6 marks)

Total 15 marks
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ot2070201F 2017

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0120702014 J
aa:'

:'::
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s- (a)
-15-

Describe the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins from the mouth until
-l
=
(t they are absorbed in the small intestines.
if
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a
!+
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i+
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::st
s

:-\t.
:III.
.Er
i..8,

:EI.
.-tr:
:Jrt::
::t!+
.ix-l

(6 marks)
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01207020/F 2017

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0120702015
il
J
r (b) (D
-t6-

Describe how the body systems work together to assimilate glucose molecules
-l

::4
:,:E

jfi

.r-^i
,.-.-Y
,.-.4
---h

(4 marks) .'iJ\
:-+*
- l+i-

:-Fi
(ii) Explain how the assimilation of glucose by a non-diabetic person differs from that
:!i+-
i.2.
of a person suffering from diabetes. .-lri

(5 marks)

Total 15 marks

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012070208 20t7

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0120702016
il
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6. (a)
-t7 -

Using a suitable example of EACH, distinguish between a predator-prey relationship and

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parasitism.
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il
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st
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tsr:
ts+-
ts
f!!ij
f+,
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s{.
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+
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(6 marks)

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0120702017
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(b) Some environmentalists encourage the practice of introducing predators to an ecosystem
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01207020/F 2017

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0120702018
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Explain how biological control may conhibute to biological evolution through
natural selection in an ecosystem.

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

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01207020/F 20t7

L ffi 0120702019 I
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SUBJECT
BIOLOGY – Paper 02

PROFICIENCY
GENERAL

REGISTRATION NUMBER

SCHOOL/CENTRE NUMBER

NAME OF SCHOOL/CENTRE

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FORM TP 2018045 MAY/JUNE 2018

CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 – General Proficiency

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL questions.

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4. Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated with diagrams.

5. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

6. If you use the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright © 2016 Caribbean Examinations Council

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SECTION A

Answer ALL questions in this section.

1. (a) Scientists, interested in studying the survival of organisms living at high temperatures,
identify some microorganisms living in a desert habitat where the average daily temperatures
exceed 50 oC. They extract an enzyme, protease, that facilitates the digestion of proteins
from these organisms, and investigate the effect of temperature on the action of this enzyme.

(i) State TWO precautions that they should take in carrying out this experiment.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(ii) The results of their experiment are presented in Table 1. On the grid provided in
Figure 1 on page 5, draw a graph to represent the results presented in Table 1.

(4 marks)

TABLE 1: RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT INVESTIGATING

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ENZYME ACTIVITY

Temperature (oC) 5 10 30 45 50 55 60 65

Time Taken for Protein to Disappear

60 60 45 25 18 15 60 60
(minutes)

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Figure 1. Results of experiment

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(iii) From the graph in Figure 1, identify the optimum temperature for the protease
activity.

.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(iv) Suggest ONE reason for the shape of the graph at less than 10 °C, TWO reasons
for the shape of the graph between 10 and 55 °C, and ONE reason for the shape
of the graph at more than 55 °C.

Less than 10 oC

.................................................................................................................................

10–55 oC

.................................................................................................................................

More than 55 oC

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

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(v) Describe a suitable procedure that the scientists could use to investigate the effect
of pH on the activity of the protease enzyme.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

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(b) The human skin shown in Figure 2 is an organ which helps humans to regulate their body
temperature.

Figure 2. Vertical section through human skin

(i) Name the parts labelled I, II, III and IV in Figure 2.

I .............................................................................................................................

II .............................................................................................................................

III ...........................................................................................................................

IV ............................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

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(ii) Describe how the structures named in (b) (i) help humans to regulate their body
temperature.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

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(c) Explain how changes in the epidermal cells of leaves help plants to conserve water during
high temperatures.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

Total 25 marks

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2. (a) Figure 3 shows three different types of cells, A, B and C.

Figure 3. Diagram showing three different types of cells

(i) Name the types of cell labelled A, B and C in Figure 3.

A ..............................................................................................................................

B ..............................................................................................................................

C ..............................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

(ii) Name TWO structures that are common to the three types of cell.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(iii) State TWO differences between the type of cell labelled A and the type of cell
labelled C.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

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(b) Tissues made up of Type B cells are placed in a container of concentrated salt solution
and left for one hour.

Describe THREE changes in the appearance of the cells after one hour in the concentrated
salt solution, and give an explanation to account for these changes.

.............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

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Describe how the appearance of Type A cells is expected to differ from that of Type B
cells and give an explanation for this difference.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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3. (a) Figure 4 shows a section through the human eye.

Figure 4. Section through the human eye

Table 2, which is incomplete, shows structures in the human eye labelled in Figure 4 and
their related functions.

Complete the table by matching EACH labelled part of the eye to its function. Write the
letter and the name of the part. The first row has been completed for you.

TABLE 2: FUNCTIONS OF THE PARTS OF THE EYE

Letter Structure Function

A Conjunctiva The membrane that protects the cornea

Transmits nerve impulses to the brain

Becomes more or less convex to focus light

on the retina

Controls the amount of light passing through

the pupil

Contracts and relaxes to alter the shape of the

lens

Protects and keeps the shape of the eye

Converts light energy to nerve impulses

(6 marks)

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(b) Name ONE type of light sensitive cell found in the retina.

..............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(d) A colour-blind woman mates with a man who has normal colour vision. Determine the
probability of this couple having a colour-blind daughter by completing the genetic diagram
below.

Parents’ phenotypes: Normal colour vision man × colour-blind woman

Parents’ genotypes: XC Y × XcXc

Gametes:

Fertilization cross:

Gametes

Probability of colour-blind daughter ..................................................................................

(6 marks)

Total 15 marks

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SECTION B

Answer ALL questions.

4. (a) Figure 5 is a diagram of the human respiratory system. Name the parts labelled A, B, C,
D, E and F in the space provided.

Figure 5. Diagram of human respiratory system

(6 marks)
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(b) State TWO characteristics that the respiratory surface used for gaseous exchange in human
beings has in common with the respiratory surface used in flowering plants. Explain how
EACH characteristic makes the respiratory surface suitable for gaseous exchange.

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

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(c)
Advertisements for electronic cigarettes promise to supply nicotine to the body without the
harmful effects of cigarette smoke. These cigarettes are promoted as a healthier alternative
to smoking regular cigarettes.

(i) Outline the effects of THREE named components of cigarette smoke, other than
nicotine, on the human body.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

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(ii) Outline TWO ways in which the use of nicotine in electronic cigarettes may be
harmful to the human body.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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5. (a) Name THREE components of human blood that are important in protecting the body
against pathogenic diseases and state the function of EACH.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)

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(b) Marianne, a one- month-old baby acquires immunity from her mother through breastfeeding.
Marianne’s father accidently punctures his finger with a nail but does not need a tetanus
antiserum injection because he received a tetanus vaccine the previous year.

Explain how the type of immunity that Marianne acquired from breastfeeding differs from
the type of immunity that her father acquired from his vaccine. In your explanation, state
the name of EACH type of immunity.

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(5 marks)

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(c) The authorities prevent children who are not immunized from registering in public schools.

Suggest TWO reasons why some parents may have a valid concern about immunizing
their children and TWO reasons why the authorities maintain their position on preventing
the entry of unvaccinated children.

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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6. (a) Describe how the process of mitosis results in the production of identical cells in asexual
reproduction.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

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(b) Plants that reproduce sexually have some advantages compared to those that reproduce only
asexually. Outline TWO advantages and THREE disadvantages of sexual reproduction.

Advantages

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Disadvantages

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(5 marks)

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(ii) Outline TWO ethical issues related to the cloning of humans.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

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EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

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CANDIDATE’S RECEIPT

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:

1. Fill in all the information requested clearly in capital letters.

TEST CODE: 0 1 2 0 7 0 2 0

SUBJECT: BIOLOGY – Paper 02

PROFICIENCY: GENERAL

REGISTRATION NUMBER:

FULL NAME: ________________________________________________________________

(BLOCK LETTERS)

Signature: ____________________________________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________

2. Ensure that this slip is detached by the Supervisor or Invigilator and given to you when you
hand in this booklet.

3. Keep it in a safe place until you have received your results.

INSTRUCTION TO SUPERVISOR/INVIGILATOR:

Sign the declaration below, detach this slip and hand it to the candidate as his/her receipt for this booklet
collected by you.

I hereby acknowledge receipt of the candidate’s booklet for the examination stated above.

Signature: _____________________________
Supervisor/Invigilator

Date: _________________________________
lOMoARcPSD|13467339

TEST CODE 01207020

FORM TP 2022050 MAY/JUNE 2022

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONs coUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE*

EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02-General Proficieney

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists Answer ALL.

of SIXquestionsin TWO sections, questions.
2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

Where appropriate,answers should be illustrated with diagrams.

4
5. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page., you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

6. Ifyou use the extra pagels), you MUSTWrite the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra pagels) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO So.

Copyright C 2020 Caribbean Examinations Council

Al rights reserved.

01207020/MJ/CSEC 2022
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SECTION A

Answer ALL questkons.

Germination involves the breakdown of food stores ina seed. Figure I shows the results of an
where s0 germinatingseeds exposed to varying concentrations ol polutants
cpenncni,
wnter.
were in

GERMINATION OF 50 SEEDS IN POLLUTED WATER

illed
Concentration of poluted water (7)
Water)

Figure 1. Germination of 50 seeds in different concentrations

of polluted water

(a)ListFOUR factors, other than pollution,that affect the germination

can
of seeds.
*********************************************************epneeaa **************s

***********************************************************tes********a******
*e*rennssmeensoa

**************emee*smesmsssa*ss*****sauasuasars

* ***suueeo sassn

(4 marks)

(6) State the aim of the experiment.

************

........

*****************t**********

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01207020/MJ/CSEC 2022

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C Using Figure 1, explain how he concentration of polluted water allects gertiinatio a

EACH of the tollowing concentrations:

() 1%

****

***** **"******************************"*""****

********

(marks)

(11) SU70

-auustuann

aasasaanusuneaasnnas snsaassnaaatsnnaaaa sseaassnsae tes uaunnasssunrm**************

***************s** ******

marksi

(d) The research team provided the results of the experiment toa farmer. State TWO ways
in which the farmer can use the data to improve his farming practices.

suasssmmnn s** estmeesnsssaseasanusssmnnnaanseasnasssnuus

assttaassnsussesanarror *aassssnnns*****************sauaassssasuuass*sna ****t*nn *****rmassnnaanaeses

*s*ssss*****ssemssnmm***reseness******************s******mene******assea******snasss*********************w*****
(2 marks)

mark
(ii) Give ONE reason for your answer in (e) (0).

* ********** asnse

*********

amark

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01207020/MJcSEC 2022

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seedlings and
miaoc
co s th growth
eena investignted the growth of some Oed
in able 1.
The data are
pr0
a human baby over a 30-day period.
GROwTH IN SEEDLINGS
IABLE 1: DATA COLLECTED TO INVESTIGATE
AND HUMAN BABY

Length of Human Baby (em)

Day Height of Seedling (em)|
10

4
J0

data obtained for both the seedling and the baby.

Sg
0 provided on page 7. plot the
he Same scales and axes. Provide a suitable ttle lor the graph. (6marks)

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207020MJCSEC 2022 THE NEXT PAGE

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Trtle tor
gra
* **raseseseseosang****sa*usssnmusenanaswsesmusnasnens.esnessunsssnasmssssenaasnse

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Suggest TWO ways in which the growth of ihe baby es ne Browth of

the seedings.

st sanan**** *a***********nsa***
*******a*a*************srstnatn*****sssetm****

********************************** *a*rae
***************************************************

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****************************asas*******************

sssanan****************semssss
***********************************************

marks)
(1) Suggest ONE similarity between the growth of the baby and thne growth of the

lings.

............eutusssuss.nenstetns.. r. u **********************************atr

mark)

(h) Deseribe how the seedlings' height is mecasured using a ruler.

************** **********************************************************trns

(I mark)

1) Suggest ONE example that shows that an increase in cells is NOT always due to growth.

********* * **

***************************************mseennesse********

************************************************************s*****aas

mark)

Suggest ONE Inetor that should be consIdercd belore making a conclusion trom the aaa
1able

* *************a*t********n*********a******sss******************stnntsnnsmemesee+
**************************

***smrame*****************m.astmmmaaaaansesmesasenremsaassuuanss****su**************************aa********* .
mark
Total 25 marks

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01297020/MJ CSEC -022 NEXT PAGE

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2. (a) Define EACH of the

following tems
() Saprophytic nutrition

**********asmmeusesnesn**a******************** ******************

ark)

(i) Heterotrophic nutrition

**********snasmasmasasmasmsmuomee****************aasmesuneuns

****************i***********************************************ntsaassssnatnam**************** *****

(1 mark)

(in) Autotrophic nutrition

*****************************mammmm*******aaama********************************a****************

***
*************************************************************************** ****

(mark)

(6)Complete Table 2 identify ing TWO saprophytes and their food sources.

TABLE 2: SAPROPHTES AND THEIR FOOD SOURCES

Saprophyte Food Souree

(4 marks)

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01207020/NMJ CSEC 2022

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-10

materials required tor making nutrients re

reach
which the raw
(c) Explain TWO processes by
the leaves of a plant.
* ****** ** "**************
******************************************************

****** **********

***********

**********
********************************** **

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*************** **** *

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************************************************

*****************
***********************

********
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********
* *************
** *******s****** - ********************************

*****************
**************************************************************** ************************

******************
***************************************************************** *******************************

**********************************************************************************************************************************

(4 marks)

(d) Young seedlings use all the nutrients stored in their cotyledons to start their growth. Explain
the process by which the seedlings make more nutrients to continue their growth.

**********************

******************************

* *** ******************** *

**
***

******************************************

************************ ** ************************
**
*********** *********** ***********'***

* *** * *********' * **
********
********************************* **

******************* *******************
***************************.
************************************************* ****

* ** *

*************
*********** ************************************* ***********

******* * ********************************************

************** * **

* ***************************

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks
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01207020/MJ/CSEC2022
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lOMoARcPSD|13467339

gureDelow shows a typical plant cell and a typicalanimalcell

FiantCell Anlmal Cell

Figure 2. Typical plant cell and typical animal cell

(a) ldentity the structures labelled A, B, C and D.

**********"************ *

********************************"

(4 marks)

(11)Sale the runction or any TikE: 01 he struclures dentihed in (a) (1).

asssssssnaan**********

**
********************************************** **************************************

****

(3 marKS)

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PAGE
01207020MJ CSEC 2022

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b)
eedfwo specimens, A and
B, from a seashore during her BioloEY Tield trip.
pecinens
and
She used a
microscopeoto detertine which
deterinine w
structures
were present ne
a Specimen A contained more mitochondriadeia than
than dpee B.
Specimen
*ECSwO rcasons why Specimen A had more mitochondria than >pecimeh B,

***eemaas snesrene S*eanme asaaanmua****

rst a**************sssstus

suaaane *****aas

**** ******************i*
sme******************
******************as*****uauuaau usas aeaausmassnan s

** satnasanaas st

*****************ssas * * +****

ssanesnnsna sv****ammeses********
**** maseaana **ov***

4marKs)

(C Usng TWO named examples, explain why cell specializationis important tor
function Chectivcly.
cels to

***

......aa....
.....

**********

A marks)

Total 15 marks

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-13.

SECTION B

Answer ALL questions.

4. (a) Define EACH of the

following terms:
(i) Climate change

*******ssssnanareenes asmsrsssse

mark)
i) Population

********************** ee

mark)
b) State FOUR methods that
may be used to conserve the
environmen
*********************************sasusass

* **********************************************************

*****a masaasa asnnnsnessasa nar

*****************sn*********as***eosuasannsano

************************** * s

sauaesuuessmmeaa nas************************suasamasanuse n* ss

marks)

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01207020/MJICSEC2022

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Using
the past
iew
dedes. ing
THREE
Ay lend
over
to an
incca***
ous d
diseases
climate has wamneu
(c)
warminE

he
carth's
CNAmples, explain how

***********************..
reg
within the Caribbea

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"*
*****************************ensne

* **** *****************e

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**** *****1e55

* *****

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********

****

**********
*****
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********

***

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-***asttastrmetsastsauasn** R*aanasn***********

******

* **************saarms*sasastme************** *******

** *****
amsrm************atsss*ntsaatatn**************
* nsssmereer-asasnsuaeasaas

*******tnthe*******sd smssathaaantamntasnnas******atna**************************************"*****************************************tt*

* **sssasnata********* ***atnaata**maasattm***ntaa****************************
(6 marks

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-15-

Climate c everely impact Small Island Developing States (SDs) wihinof

the
OsIOTe Betrons tmar can De aken t uuee e
Climate nange.

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****** *******

*****ussa * aattannsaa sa***********

sesmenmrsmasetssesssasss asaaasesmnnenpeaenu ta"

marks)

Total 15 marks

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DI207020/MJCSEC202
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5. Ells received blood test fromm his doctor. His test resultshoeo s
we
blood
ta a
while his red bO

e
and platelet levels were normal
EACTOTuE
DDON
Ceomponents,
Lmplete Table 3 below to show ONE
function
o
FUNCTIONS
COMPONENTS AND
TABLE 3: BLOOD

unction

Blood Componcn

Red blood cen

White blood cell

Plateiet
(3 marks)

which tound in the blood.

Name THREE other substances are
(

***********

(3 marks)

(b) Ellis received additional tests which revealed that he has sicKIC-cell aaemiia. Suggest
ONE way in which Elis red blood cells may diller trn a person who does NOT have

sickle-cell anaemil

*** an***

aasaa aatmmaane tauuasamm e*****

"**

HBanaaea ? marks)
2m

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| 207020/MU.CSEC 2022

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-17

(c) Ellis
becomes concerned th 0eop sCKIeCell anacia. His doctor
ecu his
told E
wife's blood and
to
cel arnaemia. With the use of a geneticdiaura caplan possible for Ellis
to have a child
with sickle-cell anacmia.

Onote the allele for the sickle-cell trait and A the allele for the normal
trait,

Phenotype(tather):.
heno9 pe (mouer

Genotype (father):
Phenotype(mother)
Uenctie cross:

Eaplanstion

uasssHSESEuussssuusssssssssssss

7 marks)

S marks

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207020 NMJCSEC 2022

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6.
* Ana nas a 28-day nenstrual cycle. Figure 3 shows the changes which occur im Ama s uterine

ng during her hienstrual

c)cle.

2 2s 76 27 2
&9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Figure 3. Changes occurring in Anna's uterine lining

Nafne the T wO sex hormones which are assOCiated with the metisr u

******************sssssesnooror**saass ***a**********a******

(n) On Figure 3, sketch a line for EACH hormone to show how the levels of the sex
homones named in (a) ) change over the 28-day cycle. Label EACH line.
marks)

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01207020/NMJCSEC 2022

L
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0 y became pregnant. Explain the elfect that preganey w"**have on te Two

seN hornnienes named in (a) (i)

aaatmeant****a
i t*******tetant ttns******

**********

******

-P **********t*ebaattanart******

(mar
have any
Aer ue uelvery
ot a healthy baby boy, Anna decides that she does
not want to
Oner childfen at this time. she, however, wishes to nave anoner cnua m uc uu

Kecommend ONE Suitlable birth control method which Anna could use to prevent

mark)

and OnE disadvantage or the birth control method

K)State Two
advantages

******

**************

* a ************

(B marks

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01207020MJCSEC 2022

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and intections
tron
eLaly
methods can prevent both pregnancy
0n control
ransmitfed discaes.

() State 1 wO sexunly tansmitted diseases.

********aaa*****tm*******************
******snanaanaaenaaann*itaaanannn

****aaanaaaaaa*****aansummer*****1shasitssseaes*******

( marks

birth control method which would be etfective

at preventing pregnaney
dentty a
AND infections from sexually transmitted infections.

*tsessnsstnssssssasuaneuunnsss sasnesssoa snbtsr **sttnm*

(mark)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IFYOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALILED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

01207020/MJICSEC2022

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-21

EXTRA SPACE
Ifyou ue AUa
page. you MUST write the ided.
question number clearly in the Dox
pro
guetionNo

a sast *********************************

************"****

mmusmesasasammemeun

*************** *****************antaaastia

****

D1207020NIJ/CSEC 2022

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