Word Pron Definition Example Sentence

to get knowledge of a subject or skill by studying, doing it,

learn lɜːn What's the best way to learn a language?
or being taught
mother tongue ˌmʌðə ˈtʌŋ the first language that you learn as a child English is my mother tongue, but I also speak German.
foreign ˈfɒrən from or relating to a country that is not your own She spoke with a foreign accent.
someone who learned a particular language as their first
native speaker ˌneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə She's a native speaker of Swahili.
language rather than as a foreign language
very informal language that uses new or rude words
slang slæŋ Is this a slang expression? I don't understand it.
instead of the usual words for something
words and phrases used by people in the same profession The document waas written in complicated legal
jargon ˈdʒɑːɡən
that are difficult for other people to understand jargon.
the ability to speak or write a language very well, without
fluency ˈfluːənsi Fluency in Japanese is a major asset.
stopping or making mistakes
bilingual baɪˈlɪŋɡwəl able to speak two languages very well Several of the employees are bilingual.
an ability to do something well, especially because you
skill skɪl Reading and writing are two different skills.
have learned and practised it
Do you use any special language strategies to
strategy ˈstrætədʒi a plan used to achieve something
remember things?
the ability to do something in an exact way without
accuracy ˈækjərəsi He's able to speak German with excellent accuracy.
making a mistake
the person who employs you or who is in charge of you at
boss bɒs She asked her boss for the day off.
work
someone who is in the same class as you at school or
classmate ˈklɑːsmeɪt I haven't seen any of my old classmates for years!
college
someone who receives a salary ( = payment) to work for an The company I work for has over 10,000 employees
employee ɪmˈplɔɪ-iː, ˌemplɔɪˈiː
organisation, person, or company worldwide.
fiancé fiˈɒnseɪ the man whom a woman is going to marry I don't like Sally's fiancé – he's really rude!
fiancée fiˈɒnseɪ the woman whom a man is going to marry Phil's fiancée is very tall.
a man who promises at a baptism ceremony to help a child, Bella went to live with her godfather after her parents
godfather ˈɡɒdˌfɑːðə
and to teach him or her Christian values died.
a woman who promises at a baptism ceremony to help a I was asked to be a godmother when I became an
godmother ˈɡɒdˌmʌðə
child, and to teach him or her Christian values auntie for the first time.
member ˈmembə someone who belongs to a group or organisation He’s a member of the tennis club.
I'm going to be a mentor for a new employee in my
mentor ˈmentɔː someone who advises and helps a less experienced person
office.
the person that you are married to, or that you live with as
partner ˈpɑːtnə Ella and Mollie have been business partners for years.
if you were married or one of the owners of a business
pupil ˈpjuːpəl a child in a school My primary school only had about 150 pupils.
team-mate ˈtiːm-meɪt someone who belongs to the same team as you I'm good friends with all my team-mates.
the son of your brother or sister, or the son of your
nephew ˈnefjuː, ˈnev- I've got one nephew called Jack.
husband’s or wife’s brother or sister
 the relative of your husband or wife, especially the father
in-law ɪn ˈlɔː We went to see my in-laws this weekend.
and mother of your husband or wife
the sister of your husband or wife, or the wife of your
sister-in-law ˌsɪstər ɪn ˌlɔː I never liked my sister-in-law.
brother
the daughter of your brother or sister, or the daughter of
niece niːs Kate is my niece - she's my sister's daughter.
your husband's or wife's brother or sister
My ex-husband, Steve, now lives on the other side of
ex-husband ˌeks ˈhʌzbənd the man that a woman used to be married to
town.
a man who is married to your mother, but who is not your
stepfather ˈstepˌfɑːðə My stepfather used to treat me like his real daughter.
father
a daughter that your husband or wife has from a My stepdaughter and son both live with us at the
stepdaugher ˈstepˌdɔːtə
relationship before your marriage moment.
My mother's side of the family originally comes from
side of the family ˌsaɪd əv ðə ˈfæməli the blood relatives of either your mother or father
France.
grandparent ˈɡrænˌpeərənt your grandparents are the parents of your mother or father My grandparents live in Kent.
exercise ˈeksəsaɪz to do physical activity to become healthier My doctor told me to do more exercise.
work that you do to look after a house, for example
housework ˈhaʊswɜːk I spent all morning doing the housework.
cleaning and washing
serious and detailed study of a subject in order to find out My stepmother is doing scientific research into heart
research rɪˈsɜːtʃ, ˈriːsɜːtʃ
new information disease.
Can you do me a favour and take the dog for a walk,
someone a favour ˌsʌmwʌn ə ˈfeɪvə to do something for someone to help them or be kind
please?
a course of study at a university or college, or the
degree dɪˈɡriː qualification that is given to you when you have My cousin's doing a degree in marine biology.
successfully completed the course
get on with someone ɡet ˈɒn wɪð ˌsʌmwʌn to have a good relationship with someone I get on really well with my boss.
get here ˈɡet hɪə to arrive at a place What time do you think you'll get here?
get married ɡet ˈmærid to become husband and wife We're getting married next month.
job dʒɒb the regular paid work that you do for an employer When did you get your first job?
when someone's hair changes from its natural colour to
go grey ˌɡəʊ ˈɡreɪ My father started going grey when he was in his 20s.
grey, usually because of age
I've gone off eating meat since I saw that TV
go off something ɡəʊ ˈɒf ˌsʌmθɪŋ to stop liking something
programme about farming.
to change what you eat in order to lose weight or become Trisha goes on a diet every summer before she goes on
go on a diet ˌɡəʊ ɒn ə ˈdaɪət
healthier holiday.
home həʊm the place where you live I think you should go home, it's late.
an amount of liquid that you drink, or the act of drinking
drink drɪŋk Let's go for a drink together for your birthday.
something
a journey that you make on foot, especially for exercise or
walk wɔːk He took the dog out for a walk in the forest.
enjoyment
 Did you go for a meal to celebrate passing your
meal miːl a time when you eat food, or the food that you eat then
driving test?
taxi ˈtæksi a car with a driver that you pay to drive you somewhere We took a taxi to the station.
This weekend I'm taking part in a bicycle race with my
take part in teɪk ˈpɑːt ɪn to participate
brother.
I'm taking responsibility for organising my office
take responsibility for ˌteɪk rɪspɒnsəˈbɪləti fɔː to agree to be in charge of something or someone
Christmas party this year.
take after someone teɪk ˈɑːftə ˌsʌmwʌn to have the same abilities as an older family member She's very good at art – she takes after her father.
something that is given to someone who is successful in a
prize praɪz He won a prize of £3,000.
competition, race, etc.
Megan's hobbies include photography, walking and
hobby ˈhɒbi an activity that you enjoy doing in your free time
playing games online.
washing up ˌwɒʃɪŋ ˈʌp the washing of plates, dishes, knives etc My son and daughter do the washing up every Sunday.
good ɡʊd of a high standard or quality Exercise does me good.
That dress does nothing for her. She should wear
nothing ˈnʌθɪŋ not anything or no thing
trousers.
When his boss discovered he was selling company
get fired ɡet ˈfaɪəd to lose your job for doing something wrong
secrets, he got fired instantly.
ages ˈeɪdʒɪz an informal word for a very long time The paint took ages to dry.
a sweet white or brown substance that is obtained from
sugar ˈʃʊɡə Does he take sugar?
plants and used to make food and drinks sweet
photo ˈfəʊtəʊ shortened word for photograph Did you take many photos on your last holiday?
depressed dɪˈprest very unhappy He got depressed after he lost his job.
a stomach illness caused by eating food that contains
food poisoning ˈfuːd ˌpɔɪzənɪŋ I got food poisoning from the take-away last night.
harmful bacteria and makes you vomit
blame bleɪm responsibility for a mistake or for something bad I took the blame for the meeting starting late.
if something is your responsibility, it is your job or duty to
responsibility rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti You should take responsibility for your health.
do it
a substance for treating an illness, especially one that you The doctor told me to take my medicine after every
medicine ˈmedsən
drink meal.
Take a good look at the photo and see if you recognise
look lʊk an act of looking at something
anyone.
holiday ˈhɒlədi, -deɪ a time of rest from work, school etc I'm going on holiday on Thursday.
go crazy ˌɡəʊ ˈkreɪzi to become very excited England scored a goal and the fans went crazy.
go badly ˌɡəʊ ˈbædli to not proceed nicely for someone or something Did the journey go badly?
go well ˌɡəʊ ˈwel to proceed nicely for someone or something Things are going well for the project.
blind blaɪnd unable to see She went blind two months ago.
I think red and orange go together. Some people think
go together ˌɡəʊ təˈɡeðə look good together
they clash.
go with ˈɡəʊ wɪð, wɪθ to be included as part of something The house goes with the job.
 money that you receive every month as payment from the
salary ˈsæləri I think she gets a good salary.
organisation you work for
flu fluː a common illness which is like a very bad cold The whole family has got flu.
a common illness that makes it difficult to breathe through
cold kəʊld Has she got a cold? She looks terrible.
your nose and often makes your throat hurt
a letter from a previous employer, recommending someone
reference ˈrefərəns She had some great references so she got the job.
for a job
My grandmother was very excited when she shook
shake hands ˌʃeɪk ˈhændz a way of greeting someone when you meet them
hands with the Queen.
smartly ˈsmɑːtli in a formal way You don't have to dress smartly for all job interviews.
to deliberately not do something, especially something
avoid əˈvɔɪd You shouldn't avoid eye contact when shaking hands.
wrong, dangerous, or harmful
briefly ˈbriːfli continuing for only a short time I worked as a waiter briefly when I was at university.
enthusiasm ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm a strong feeling of interest and enjoyment The interviewee showed enthusiasm for the job.
The boy avoided making eye contact with me and I
eye contact ˈaɪ ˌkɒntækt when two people look at each other’s eyes
knew he was lying.
When you have a job interview, you should always
firmly ˈfɜːmli not gently, using quite a lot of strength
shake hands firmly with the interviewer.
on time ɒn ˈtaɪm at the correct time or the time that was arranged You must get to work on time.
be prepared bi prɪˈpeəd ready to do something or deal with a situation He wasn't prepared for the questions.
He spoke very clearly and the whole audience could
clearly ˈklɪəli 2in a way that is easy to see, hear, or understand
hear him.
crime kraɪm illegal activities in general I enjoy a crime film.
an event such as an accident, flood, or storm that causes a
disaster dɪˈzɑːstə What's your favourite disaster movie?
lot of harm or suffering
a television programme or film which shows real events in Tonight on TV there's a docudrama about the life of
docudrama ˈdɒkjʊˌdrɑːmə
the form of a story Queen Victoria.
a type of film in which strange things happen in the future I don't really like fantasy films – I prefer period
fantasy ˈfæntəsi
or in imaginary worlds dramas.
a type of story in which something that is difficult to
mystery ˈmɪstəri I love a good mystery!
explain or understand
a type of film or television programme in which people My mum's favourite period drama is Pride and
period drama ˌpɪəriəd ˈdrɑːmə
dress up in old-fashioned costumes Predjudice.
a type of film or television programme in which characters I watched a psychological thriller on TV last night and
psychological thriller ˌsaɪkəlɒdʒɪkəl ˈθrɪlə
battle with their minds it gave me nightmares!
a film which is intended to make people laugh and which
romantic comedy rəʊˌmæntɪk ˈkɒmədi, rə- My girlfriend loves romantic comedies.
involves a love story
books and stories about the future, for example about
science fiction ˌsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃən I don't like science fiction films – I think they're silly.
travelling in time and space
The director is planning to film a biopic about the
biopic ˈbaɪəʊˌpɪk a film about the life of a real person
president.
action ˈækʃən an action film has a lot of exciting things happening in it Vinnie has appeared in a number of action films.
a type of film which is an exciting experience where
adventure ədˈventʃə I like watching the special effects in adventure films.
dangerous or unusual things happen
Saturday ˈsætədi, -deɪ the day of the week before Sunday Let's meet on Saturday for drinks.
12 o'clock ˌtwelv ə'klɒk the time of day, an hour after eleven I'll see you at 12 o'clock.
the dark part of each 24-hour period when the sun cannot
night naɪt I don't sleep well at night.
be seen and when most people sleep
Saturday and Sunday, especially considered as time when
weekend ˌwiːkˈend, ˈwiːkend I like to visit my grandparents at the weekend.
you do not work
the time in the middle of the day when people usually eat
lunchtime ˈlʌntʃtaɪm I sometimes spend my lunchtime in the park.
their lunch
the early part of the day, from when the sun rises until 12
o’clock in the middle of the day or the part of the day from
morning ˈmɔːnɪŋ We always go for a walk in the morning.
12 o’clock at night until 12 o’clock in the middle of the
day
2016 ˌtwenti sɪkˈstiːn the year after 2015 and before 2017 He met her in 2016.
July dʒʊˈlaɪ the seventh month of the year, between June and August I fell in love in July.
the period of time which started on 1st January 2001 and
twenty-first century ˌtwenti fɜːst ˈsentʃəri The twenty-first century is the current century.
will finish on 31st December 2100
the season after autumn and before spring, when the
winter ˈwɪntə In the winter he likes to go skiing.
weather is coldest
4th fɔːθ coming after three other things in a series We met on the 4th of July.
Monday morning ˌmʌndi ˈmɔːnɪŋ, -deɪ the early part of the day on a Monday Our team meetings are always on Monday morning.
We always have a family get together on New Year's
New Year's Day ˌnjuː jɪəz ˈdeɪ 1st January, the first day of the year
Day.
from one place on a line, road, river etc to another place on
along əˈlɒŋ We took a walk along the river.
it
going from one side of something to the other, especially
over ˈəʊvə I jumped over the wall and ran along the bank.
by jumping, climbing, or flying
around əˈraʊnd surrounding something or someone We put a fence around the yard.
through θruː from one side or end of something to the other The train went through the tunnel.
past pɑːst further than a particular place,beyond a person or place Our house is just past the bridge.
near nɪə only a short distance away from someone or something They live near Osaka.
between bɪˈtwiːn with one thing or person on each side He sat between the two women on the sofa.
very close to someone or something, with no other person,
next nekst The Smiths live next to the post office.
building, place etc in between
if one thing or person is opposite another, they are facing
opposite ˈɒpəzət There’s a car park opposite the hotel.
each other
by mistake baɪ məˈsteɪk without intending to do something I deleted all my computer files by mistake.
We met by chance on a train. Six months later, we
by chance baɪ ˈtʃɑːns in an unexpected way
were married!
by hand baɪ ˈhænd using your hands, not a machine She writes all her university work by hand.
in a hurry ɪn ə ˈhʌri more quickly than usual Sorry, I can’t stop to talk, I’m in a hurry.
in a moment ɪn ə ˈməʊmənt in a very short time I'll be there in a moment, I'm just brushing my teeth.
in the end ɪn ði ˈend finally What did you decide to do in the end?
on business ɒn ˈbɪznəs not on holiday, but for work I'm going to Greece on business next week.
on your own ˌɒn jɔːr ˈəʊn alone, not with other people I'm spending Christmas on my own this year.
on purpose ɒn ˈpɜːpəs deliberately, not a mistake I’m sorry. I didn’t hurt you on purpose.
to use violence to try to hurt or kill someone, or to cause
attack əˈtæk She was attacked as she walked home from school.
damage to a place
crash kræʃ an accident in which a vehicle hits something else Six vehicles were involved in the crash.
violent ˈvaɪələnt using force to hurt or kill people There has been an increase in violent crime recently.
to damage something very badly, so that it no longer
destroy dɪˈstrɔɪ The crop was completely destroyed by floods.
exists, or cannot be repaired
a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface that often causes a
earthquake ˈɜːθkweɪk Japan sufferes from a lot of earthquakes.
lot of damage
fugitive ˈfjuːdʒətɪv someone who is trying to avoid being caught by the police The fugitive escaped from prison three weeks ago.
someone who is kept as a prisoner by an enemy, and may
hostage ˈhɒstɪdʒ be hurt or killed in order to force other people to do The group are holding two western tourists hostage.
something

when a group of workers stop working for a period of time The workers have been on strike for two months over
strike straɪk
because they want better pay or better working conditions pay.

security guard sɪˈkjʊərəti ˌɡɑːd someone whose job is to guard something Mark worked as a security guard in a supermarket.
a group of young people, especially a group that often
gang ɡæŋ Is there a problem with gangs in your city?
causes trouble and fights
armed ɑːmd carrying weapons The suspect is armed with a shotgun.
someone who steals money or other things from a bank,
robber ˈrɒbə Two armed robbers hit the man over the head.
shop etc
a sudden visit by the police to look for illegal goods or
raid reɪd Uniformed police carried out the raid.
criminals
if someone does something to you at gunpoint, they do it
gunpoint ˈɡʌnpɔɪnt We were held at gunpoint throughout the robbery.
while threatening to shoot you
raise the alarm ˌreɪz ði əˈlɑːm to tell people there is a dangerous situation The alarm was raised by a passerby.
According to eye witnesses, four men were in the
eye witness ˌaɪ ˈwɪtnəs someone who sees a crime or accident
bank.
force fɔːs to make someone do something they do not want to do Many companies have been forced to close.
to leave a place or dangerous situation when someone is
escape ɪˈskeɪp He escaped from prison.
trying to catch you or stop you
when someone is taken away by the police because they
arrest əˈrest The police arrested Eric for shoplifting.
think the person has done something illegal
tell a lie ˌtel ə ˈlaɪ to say something that is not true Have you ever told a lie to make someone feel better?
 to talk about an interesting, funny or sad chain of events Yesterday, my boss told us a really funny story about
tell a story ˌtel ə ˈstɔːri
has happened something that happened to her on holiday last year.
tell the truth ˌtel ðə ˈtruːθ to say what really happened It’s always better to tell the truth.
a lie that you tell someone in order to protect them or avoid Sometimes it's better to tell a white lie than to tell the
white lie ˌwaɪt ˈlaɪ
hurting their feelings truth.
tell a joke ˌtel ə ˈdʒəʊk to repeat a funny story Grandpa is good at telling jokes.
say seɪ to express an idea, feeling etc using words I'm sorry, I didn't hear what you said.
to give someone information by speaking or writing to
tell tel Have you told John about the party?
them
to put several things in order of importance, so that you
proritise praɪˈɒrətaɪz Try to prioritise your work.
can do the most important first
multitask ˌmʌltiˈtɑːsk to do more than one thing at the same thing I usually have to multitask when I'm at work.
unable to think clearly because you are worried about Tani seems very distracted at the moment - I think
distracted dɪˈstræktəd
something she's worried about her brother.
deadline ˈdedlaɪn a date or time by which you must finish something He failed to meet the deadline.
put off ˌpʊt ˈɒf to delay doing something You can't put the decision off any longer.
task tɑːsk a piece of work you must do My first task was to paint the whole house.
last minute ˌlɑːst ˈmɪnət the last possible time, just before it is too late Alec always leaves his homework to the last minute
waste time ˌweɪst ˈtaɪm to use time in a way that is not effective or sensible I waste so much time using the internet!
ahead əˈhed before an event happens Can you tell me ahead of time if you're coming?
get things done ˌɡet θɪŋz ˈdʌn to solve a problem or finish something We just need to get it done before the presentation.
get started ɡet ˈstɑːtəd to do something that you were not doing before I'd better get started before the weekend.
a written or printed message that is usually put in an She got a letter from the company offerring her the
letter ˈletə
envelope and sent by mail job.
a white liquid produced by cows or goats that is drunk by
milk mɪlk Can you get some milk when you're out?
people
tired and impatient because something is uninteresting or
bored bɔːd I get bored when I have nothing to do.
you have nothing to do
get on with ɡet ˈɒn wɪð, wɪθ to make progress How are you getting on with your essay?
if you have permission to do something, someone in
permission pəˈmɪʃən We need to get permission to film in the park.
authority allows you to do it
to do something that you have been intending to do for
get around ɡet əˈraʊnd We finally got around to cleaning out the attic.
some time
what you earn by working and can use to buy things.
money ˈmʌni Money can be in the form of notes and coins or cheques, Did you get any money for cleaning your mum's car?
and can be kept in a bank
used to talk about events or results of actions a long time In the long term, I think the government's changes will
in the long term ɪn ðə ˈlɒŋ ˌtɜːm
into the future have a positive effect on the country.
in the near future ɪn ðə ˌnɪə ˈfjuːtʃə soon The school hopes to open in the near future.
used to talk about events or results of actions that will
in the short term ɪn ðə ˈʃɔːt ˌtɜːm I think there will be a lot of benefits in the short term.
happen soon
in a year ɪn ə ˈjɪə used to talk about events that will happen the next year They hope to be married in a year or two.
used to talk about events that will happen ten years from
in ten year's time ɪn ˌtən jɪəz ˈtaɪm In ten year's time, I hope to have my own business.
now
used to talk about events that will happen within ten years Virtual headsets will be common in the next five
in the next ten years ɪn ðə ˌnekst tən ˈjɪəz
from now years.
Can you keep an eye on my bike while I go into the
keep an eye on ˌkiːp ən ˈaɪ ɒn to watch something or someone carefully
shop, please?
to accidentally say something that embarrasses or upsets I think I may have put my foot in it – I asked her how
put your foot in it ˌpʊt jə ˈfʊt ɪn ɪt
someone her dog was and she told me that he died yesterday!
I didn't answer all the questions in the exam because I
run out of time ˌrʌn aʊt əv ˈtaɪm to have no more time to complete an action
ran out of time!
We're working against the clock to get the project
work against the clock ˌwɜːk əɡenst ðə ˈklɒk, əɡeɪnst to have a limited time to complete something
finished on time.
If my husband hasn't cleaned the house when I get
be in hot water bi ɪn ˌhɒt ˈwɔːtə to be in trouble or difficulty
home, he'll be in hot water!
a piece of cake ə ˌpiːs əv ˈkeɪk very easy That maths exam was a piece of cake!
I didn't know you were so good at football – you're a
a dark horse ə ˌdɑːk ˈhɔːs a person who has a lot of secrets
dark horse, aren't you?!
not be someone's cup of tea ˌnɒt bi ˌsʌmwʌnz ˌkʌp əv ˈtiː someone doesn't like something Cricket's not really my cup of tea!
Animal welfare is an issue that's very close to my
close to someone's heart ˌkləʊs tə ˌsʌmwʌnz ˈhɑːt something is important to someone
heart.
Pete and I want to escape the rat race and move to
get out of the rat race ɡet ˌaʊt əv ðə ˈræt reɪs to escape (boring) everyday life
Hawaii!
give someone a hand ˌɡɪv sʌmwʌn ə ˈhænd to help someone Can you give me a hand with the housework, please?
if someone hits the nail on the head, what they have said is The moment she said it, she knew she'd hit the nail on
hit the nail on the head ˌhɪt ðə ˌneɪl ɒn ðə ˈhed
exactly right or true the head.
to accept that a difficult situation or problem exists, even We have to face facts. The business is almost
face something ˈfeɪs ˌsʌmθɪŋ
though you would prefer to ignore it bankrupt.
We're working against the clock to get the project
work against the clock ˌwɜːk əˌɡenst ðə ˈklɒk to have limited time to complete something
finished on time.
if you are in two minds about something, you are not
be in two minds bi ɪn ˌtuː ˈmaɪndz I'm in two minds about accepting the job.
certain about it, or you have difficulty to make a decision
to relax and enjoy yourself because you are in a We need a place where young people can let their hair
let your hair down ˌlet jɔː ˈheə daʊn
comfortable environment down and enjoy themselves.
to make people who have just met feel less nervous and
break the ice ˌbreɪk ði ˈaɪs I suggested a game to break the ice.
more willing to talk to each other
I always travel light so I can bring back some
travel light ˌtrævəl ˈlaɪt to take little baggage when travelling
souvenirs.
to learn something in such a way that you can say it from
learn by heart ˌlɜːn baɪ ˈhɑːt I never liked learning poems by heart.
memory
 when you look at things in shops, without intending to buy When I don't have any money, I go window shopping
window shopping ˈwɪndəʊ ˌʃɒpɪŋ
them instead!
to know and understand something, or suddenly begin to
realise ˈrɪəlaɪz I suddenly realised that the boy was crying.
understand it
to know who someone is or what something is, because
recognise ˈrekəɡnaɪz, ˈrekən- you have seen, heard, experienced, or learned about them I didn’t recognise you in your uniform.
in the past
used to say that two or more people or things are exactly
same seɪm They looked exactly the same but they weren't related.
like each other
different ˈdɪfərənt not like something or someone else, or not like before It was a different film to the one I expected to see.
not the one that you intended or the one that you really
wrong rɒŋ You've got the wrong man. I didn't kill her.
want
a particular day of the month or year, especially shown by
date deɪt I'll never forget the date I moved house.
a number
number ˈnʌmbə a phone number Sorry, you got the wrong number.
the details of the place where someone lives or works,
address əˈdres Have you got my new address?
which you use to send them letters etc
name neɪm what someone is called I'm sorry, I didn't recognise your name.
competitive kəmˈpetətɪv determined to be more successful than other people Boys are often more competitive than girls.
someone who is able to express ideas or their feelings One of the reasons she got the job is that she's a good
good communicator ˌɡʊd kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtə
clearly to other people communicator.
good leader ˌɡʊd ˈliːdə someone who has all the qualities needed to be a leader People listen to him because he's a good leader.
hard-working ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ working with a lot of effort Zoe is a very hard-working student.
indecisive ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv unable to make decisions My biggest problem is that I'm so indecisive.
motivated ˈməʊtəveɪtəd wanting to do something for a particular reason Many people are motivated by money.
someone who will do risky or dangerous things in order to
risk taker ˈrɪsk ˌteɪkə She became a billionaire because she's a risk taker.
achieve something
to think of new, different, or unusual ways of doing If we want to solve this problem, we have to think
think outside the box ˌθɪŋk aʊtsaɪd ðə ˈbɒks
something, especially in business outside the box.
ambitious æmˈbɪʃəs determined to be successful or powerful My cousin is young and very ambitious.
reliable rɪˈlaɪəbəl if someone is reliable, you can trust and depend on them Rick is very reliable. I think he'll do a good job.
sensible ˈsensəbəl someone who is sensible is able to make good decisions She's a very sensible girl.
Tim is an easy-going guy, it's impossible to make him
easy-going ˌiːzi ˈɡəʊɪŋ not easily upset, annoyed, or worried
angry.
bright braɪt intelligent and able to learn things quickly She's a very bright child. I think she'll go far.
keen kiːn wanting to do something very much US companies are keen to enter the Chinese market.
punctual ˈpʌŋktʃuəl arriving at exactly the time that has been arranged It's important to be punctual. Lateness is not tolerated.
moody ˈmuːdi often becoming angry or unhappy My daughter is acting like a typical moody teenager.
confident and able to do things by yourself in your own She's a very independent colleague and works well by
independent ˌɪndɪˈpendənt
way, without needing help or advice from other people herself.
 behaving in an angry threatening way, as if you want to
aggressive əˈɡresɪv I find her a bit aggressive and intimidating.
fight or attack someone
flexible ˈfleksəbəl able to change easily I'm lucky that I have flexible working hours in my job.
work long hours ˌlɒŋ ˈaʊəz to work for a long time or longer than usual My wife's been working very long hours recently.
a written or spoken description of a situation or event,
report rɪˈpɔːt My boss asked me to write a sales report.
giving people the information they need
physical ˈfɪzɪkəl involving bodily contact or activity Being a tree surgeon is a pretty physical job.
a profession which predominatly involves being in an
office job ˈɒfɪs ˌdʒɒb I love my office job because I hate being outdoors.
office
outdoors ˌaʊtˈdɔːz outside, not in a building It's warm enough to eat outdoors today.
to tell someone what you think they should do, especially My financial advisor advised me to consider saving
advise ədˈvaɪz
when you know more than they do about something more money.
I have a meeting with an important client this
client ˈklaɪənt someone who pays a person or organisation for a service
afternoon.
I prefer working for myself rather than for someone
work for myself ˌwɜːk fə maɪˈself to work independently, as a freelancer
else.
between nine o’clock and five o’clock, the normal working
nine-to-five ˌnaɪn tə ˈfaɪv She works nine-to-five every day.
hours of an office worker
My first job of the day was to answer the phone
enquiry ɪnˈkwaɪəri a question you ask in order to get information
enquiries.
to arrange something so that it is more ordered or happens
organise ˈɔːɡənaɪz I organise my boss's diary.
in a more sensible way
if you deal with a problem, you do something to make sure
deal with ˈdiːl wɪð, wɪθ I can't deal with his problems any more!
that it reduces or no longer exists
if you are responsible for something bad that has
Police have arrested a man who is responsible for the
responsible rɪˈspɒnsəbəl happened, you caused it and you are the person who
deaths of fifteen people.
should be blamed
Can you send us regular progress updates while you're
update ˈʌpdeɪt the most recent information about a news story
away?
a job or activity that you do regularly, especially in order
work wɜːk It may be hard for older people to find work.
to earn money
if you remind someone about something, you make them
remind rɪˈmaɪnd Will you remind me to go to the bank later?
remember it or remember to do it
to have a picture or idea in your mind of people, events,
remember rɪˈmembə I can't remember what I had for dinner last Sunday.
places etc from the past
to not remember facts, information, or people or things
forget fəˈɡet I know you told me, but I forgot.
from the past
to make or allow something or someone to stay in a place
leave liːv Did you leave your jacket at mine last night?
when you go away
hear hɪə to know that a sound is being made, using your ears Did you see or hear anything this morning?
 to pay attention to what someone is saying or to a sound
listen ˈlɪsən You should listen to her advice!
that you can hear
funny ˈfʌni if someone or something is funny, they make you laugh It was one of the funniest films I've ever seen.
an experience or activity that is very enjoyable and
fun fʌn The children were having so much fun on the beach.
exciting
The criminals are currently being interviewed by
currently ˈkʌrəntli happening, existing, or being used now
police.
used to emphasize that something is true, especially when
actually ˈæktʃuəli, -tʃəli Actually he's 45 years old.
it is a little surprising or unexpected
a job or profession that you have been trained for, and
career kəˈrɪə Have you thought about your future career?
which you usually do for a long time
a series of lessons or a period of study in a particular
course kɔːs Andy’s doing a computer course.
subject
to use something that belongs to someone else and give it
borrow ˈbɒrəʊ Can I borrow the car tonight, dad?
back to them later
to let someone borrow money or something that belongs to
lend lend Could you lend me some money?
you
discussion dɪˈskʌʃən when people talk about a topic In class we had a discussion about global warming.
a situation in which people speak angrily to each other There are always arguments in my house at Christmas
argument ˈɑːɡjəmənt
because they disagree about something time.
lose luːz to confuse someone I always lose my front door key, I'm hopeless!
to feel sad because you cannot be with somethat that you
like, or cannot do something you enjoy; to not go
miss mɪs I really miss talking to him on the phone.
somewhere or do something, especially when you want to
but cannot
wonderful ˈwʌndəfəl very good We had a wonderful time.
amazing əˈmeɪzɪŋ very surprising What an amazing story!
brilliant ˈbrɪljənt excellent We had a brilliant holiday.
awful ˈɔːfəl very bad or unpleasant The weather was awful.
extremely severe in a way that causes harm or damage or We were worried something terrible had happened to
terrible ˈterəbəl
very bad my daughter.
disgusting dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ extremely unpleasant Rubbish was everwhere - it was disgusting.
delicious dɪˈlɪʃəs very pleasant to taste or smell That roast chicken was delicious.
boiling ˈbɔɪlɪŋ very hot Can I open the window? It's boiling in here!
freezing ˈfriːzɪŋ very cold We were freezing in the tent last night.
exhausted ɪɡˈzɔːstəd very tired I was exhausted by the twelve hour journey.
She was furious with him when he lost his new
furious ˈfjʊəriəs very angry
trainers.
fascinating ˈfæsəneɪtɪŋ very interesting That sounds absoluutely fascinating.
beautiful ˈbjuːtəfəl very pretty Her wedding dress was so beautiful.
impossible ɪmˈpɒsəbəl something that is impossible cannot happen or be done The noise made sleep impossible.
enormous ɪˈnɔːməs very big in size, amount, or degree It cost an enormous amount of money.
tiny ˈtaɪni extremely small It's a tiny community in the Midwest.
When his boss discovered he was selling company
get fired ɡet ˈfaɪəd to lose your job for doing something wrong
secrets, he got fired instantly.
a meeting in which someone asks you questions, especially
interview ˈɪntəvjuː She had an interview for a teaching job.
to find out if you are suitable for a job
to try to win something or to be more successful than
compete kəmˈpiːt I had to compete with three others for a job.
someone else
to have control over or responsibility for something or
be in charge bi ɪn ˈtʃɑːdʒ My dad's in charge of the TV remote in our house!
someone
to organize or be in charge of an activity, business,
run rʌn She used to run a restaurant in Boston.
organization, or country
something that you think of, especially a plan or I knew it was a bad business idea when we started to
idea aɪˈdɪə
suggestion lose money.
out of work ˌaʊt əv ˈwɜːk no longer in a particular state or situation How long have you been out of work?
a set of computers that are connected to each other so that
computer network kəmˈpjuːtə ˌnetwɜːk Do you have a computer network where you work?
they can share information
the power that is carried by wires and used to make lights
electricity ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti, ˌelɪk- The cooker works by electricity.
and machines work
Commercial aeroplanes are very different from
commercial aeroplane kəˌmɜːʃəl ˈeərəpleɪn a flying vehicle used to transport paying passengers
military ones.

solar power ˌsəʊlə ˈpaʊə energy that uses the power of the sun to produce electricity Solar power is a renewable source of energy.

energy that is produced when the structure of the central

nuclear power ˌnjuːkliə ˈpaʊə Nuclear power plants are considered to be dangerous.
part of an atom is changed
power from oil, coal, sun, wind, etc. that produces heat,
energy ˈenədʒi Switch off lights to save energy.
movement, etc.
genetic engineering dʒəˌnetɪk endʒəˈnɪərɪŋ the science of changing the genes of a living thing Not everyone agrees with genetic engineering.
a substance for treating an illness, especially one that you
medicine ˈmedsən Have you taken your medicine?
drink
motorbike ˈməʊtəbaɪk an informal word for a motorcycle How fast can your motorbike go?
moving through the area beyond the Earth where the stars As a child I always dreamed of space travel in my
space travel ˈspeɪs ˌtrævəl
and planets are rocket ship.
You need lots of vaccinations to visit tropical
vaccination ˌvæksəˈneɪʃən an injection to protect a person from a disease
countries.
a machine that cleans floors by sucking up the dirt from
vacuum cleaner ˈvækjuəm ˌkliːnə, ˈvækjʊm I need a new vacuum cleaner – this one's terrible!
them
washing machine ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn a machine that washes clothes Do you know how to use your washing machine?
a machine that has been sent into space and goes around
Some communications satellites are owned by mobile
communication satellite kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən ˌsætəlaɪt the Earth used for radio, television, and other electronic
phone companies.
communication
 the study or use of electronic processes and equipment for
IT (information technology) ˌaɪ ˈtiː, ɪnfəˌmeɪʃən tekˈnɒlədʒi My favourite subject is IT.
storing information and making it available
antibiotic ˌæntɪbaɪˈɒtɪk a drug that is used to kill bacteria and infections Penicillin was one of the first antibiotics.
to connect a piece of electrical equipment to the electricity
plug in ˌplʌɡ ˈɪn Is the TV plugged in?
supply, or to another piece of equipment
press pres to push something firmly What happens if I press this button?
small part or area of a machine that you press to make it do
button ˈbʌtən Sam undid his buttons.
something
I had to have an injection for the yellow fever
injection ɪnˈdʒekʃən when a drug is put into your body, using a special needle
vaccination.
when doctors cut into someone's body in order to remove She had an operation on her shoulder when she broke
operation ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən
or repair a part that is damaged her collarbone.
petrol ˈpetrəl a liquid that you put in a vehicle to make the engine work How much petrol did you put in?
The government plans new efforts to restart the peace
restart ˌriːˈstɑːt if something restarts, or if you restart it, it starts again
process.
if you reboot a computer, you start it again after it has
reboot ˌriːˈbuːt My computer isn't working so I'll try to reboot it.
stopped working
switch on ˌswɪtʃ ˈɒn to turn on a machine, light etc, using a switch I left my phone switched on.
switch off ˌswɪtʃ ˈɒf to turn off a machine, light etc, using a switch My mobile phone was switched off.
break down ˌbreɪk ˈdaʊn if a car or a machine breaks down, it stops working My car broke down on the way to work.
My car ran out of petrol on the motorway and I was
run out of something ˌrʌn ˈaʊt əv ˌsʌmθɪŋ to have no more of something
stranded.
when two or more things are joined together or when I couldn't get my laptop connected to the university
get a connection ˌɡet ə kəˈnekʃən
something is joined to a larger system or network system.
The scientists do most of their experiments with
experiment ɪkˈsperəmənt a scientific test to find out or prove something
chemicals.
to discuss a subject formally so that you can make a
debate dɪˈbeɪt The issue was debated on Monday.
decision or solve a problem
to talk about something with someone in order to exchange
discuss dɪˈskʌs We’re meeting today to discuss our science project.
ideas or decide something
inquire ɪnˈkwaɪə to ask someone for information ‘Why are you doing that?’ he inquired.
look into ˌlʊk ˈɪntə to investigate I'm looking into how much I could sell my car for.
question ˈkwestʃən to ask someone questions about something Two men are being questioned by police.
reply rɪˈplaɪ to answer Why didn't you reply to my email?
to study a subject in detail so that you can discover new Conner spent eight years researching the history of the
research rɪˈsɜːtʃ
facts about it Romans.
How will the government respond to this latest
respond rɪˈspɒnd to do something because of something that has happened
development?
to think about something you do not know, and want to
wonder ˈwʌndə I wonder where she lives these days.
know
 to try to find out about something, especially a crime or
investigate ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt The cause of the fire is being investigated.
accident
to shout and say angry things to someone because you
argue ˈɑːɡjuː We could hear the neighbours arguing.
disagree with them
quarrel ˈkwɒrəl to have an angry argument She's always quarrelling with her sister.
biological ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl relating to the natural processes performed by living things He wanted to know who his biological father was.
effective ɪˈfektɪv having the result that you want What is the most effective way to kill ants?
explosive ɪkˈspləʊsɪv something that is explosive can cause an explosion They used explosives to destroy the old building.
Some people find a man with a hairy chest very
hairy ˈheəri covered in hair
attractive.
lovable ˈlʌvəbəl easy to love She really is a lovable child.
messy ˈmesi dirty or untidy Tidy your room, it's too messy!
painful ˈpeɪnfəl making you feel very unhappy or upset I've got a very painful toothache.
peaceful ˈpiːsfəl quiet and calm The wood was cool and peaceful.
poetic pəʊˈetɪk relating to poetry or typical of poetry She uses lots of poetic language in her stories.
if you are responsible for something bad that has
Police have arrested a man who is responsible for the
responsible rɪˈspɒnsəbəl happened, you caused it and you are the person who
death of a child.
should be blamed
useless ˈjuːsləs not useful or effective at all I get sent so much useless information by email.
homeless ˈhəʊmləs without a place to live Thousands of people were made homeless.
printed information that tells you how to do or use
instruction ɪnˈstrʌkʃən Are there any instructions on how to make the model?
something
an organized event in which people or teams compete
competition ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən Who won the competition?
against each other
improvement ɪmˈpruːvmənt when something becomes better than it was There was a steady improvement in efficiency.
loneliness ˈləʊnlinəs unhappy because you are alone or do not have any friends When her husband died she suffered great lonliness.
kindness ˈkaɪndnəs kind behaviour Sam never forgot her kindness.
stupidity stjuːˈpɪdəti lack of intelligence or thought His stupidity heavily influences the work of the team.
if something is your responsibility, it is your job or duty to
responsibility rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti It's your responsibility to pay the bills on time.
do it
a feeling of great sadness, or a medical condition that
depression dɪˈpreʃən The patient is suffering from depression.
makes you have this feeling
imagination ɪˌmædʒəˈneɪʃən the ability to form pictures or ideas in your mind Children tend to have better imaginations than adults.
things such as television, films and shows that are intended
entertainment ˌentəˈteɪnmənt The hotel offers live entertainment.
to amuse or interest people
something important that you succeed in doing by your I always try to celebrate each child's achievement at
achievement əˈtʃiːvmənt
own efforts school.
things that are done to keep a person, building, or country
security sɪˈkjʊərəti There was tight security at the courts.
safe from danger or crime
 when you are healthy and strong enough to do hard work
fitness ˈfɪtnəs This exercise regime will improve your fitness.
or play sports
relaxed, friendly, or unofficial style or nature; absence of The informality of the interview put the interviewee at
informality ˌɪnfɔːˈmæləti
formality ease.
imitation ˌɪməˈteɪʃən when you copy someone else’s actions The remake of the film was a pale imitation.
dancing ˈdɑːnsɪŋ when people dance together We went dancing on New Year's Eve.
a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you
quotation kwəʊˈteɪʃən repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is I can never remember quotations from Shakespeare.
interesting or amusing
Could you give me directions to the post office,
direction dəˈrekʃən, daɪ- information on how to get to a particular place
please?
The heaviness of the parcel meant I needed three
heaviness ˈhevinəs the quality of weighing a lot
people to help me lift it.
I have three more payments to make before the car is
payment ˈpeɪmənt an amount of money that has been or must be paid
mine!
a move to a more important job or position in a company She was pleased when she got a promotion and a new
promotion prəˈməʊʃən
or organization office.
the activity or sport of moving around on skates for fun or
skating ˈskeɪtɪŋ We went skating around Hyde Park.
as a sport
if a computer crashes, or if you crash the computer, it
crash kræʃ The system crashed and I lost two hours of work.
suddenly stops working

if a machine, engine, pipe etc freezes, the liquid inside it

freeze friːz The screen just froze and I had to reboot it.
becomes solid with cold, so that it does not work properly

a small piece of electronic equipment used to store and

memory stick ˈmeməri stɪk I've lost my memory stick – have you seen it?
transfer information
out of order ˌaʊt əv ˈɔːdə if a machine is out of order, it has stopped working The photocopier is out of order again.
print prɪnt to produce words or pictures on paper, using a machine I’m printing the document now.
the act of receiving radio, television, or other signals, or Sorry I didn't call – there was no reception on the
reception rɪˈsepʃən
the quality of signals you receive underground.
recharge ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ to put a new supply of electricity into a battery How often do you need to recharge your phone?
She went to a psychiatrist to try to sort out her
sort out ˌsɔːt ˈaʊt to successfully deal with a problem or difficult situation
problems.

out of order ˌaʊt əv ˈɔːdə if a machine is out of order, it is not working correctly The printer is out of order so I can't print the schedule.

unusual or surprising, in a way that is difficult to

strange streɪndʒ I had a strange dream last night.
understand or explain
noise nɔɪz a sound, especially one that is unpleasant or loud The computer is making a strange noise.
Ella was able to fix the computer and get it working
fix fɪks to repair something that is broken or not working properly
straight away.
annoyed əˈnɔɪd a little angry Are you annoyed with me just because I'm a bit late?
 not happy or relaxed because you keep thinking about a
worried ˈwʌrid You look worried.
particular problem or something bad that might happen
confusing kənˈfjuːzɪŋ unclear and difficult to understand The instructions for my new TV are very confusing!
frightened ˈfraɪtnd feeling afraid Are you frightened of spiders?
There's nothing better than a relaxing bath after a hard
relaxing rɪˈlæksɪŋ making you feel calm
day's work!
making you feel pleased and happy, especially because you
satisfying ˈsætəsfaɪ-ɪŋ I find my job very satisfying.
have achieved something

feeling uncomfortable or nervous and worrying about what

Laura gets embarrassed when she is asked to sing in
embarassed ɪmˈbærəst people think of you, for example because you have made a
public.
silly mistake, or because you have to talk or sing in public

astonishing əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ very surprising It's astonishing that you didn't know about this.
astonished əˈstɒnɪʃt very surprised We were astonished at her ignorance.
tiring ˈtaɪərɪŋ making you feel tired I had a tiring day at the office.
tired ˈtaɪəd feeling that you want to sleep or rest I'm too tired to go out tonight.
fascinated ˈfæsəneɪtəd extremely interested by something or someone She was fascinated by his voice.
unhappy because something you hoped for did not happen,
disappointed ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntəd Jake seems very disappointed with the result.
or was not as good as you expected
disappointing ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ making you feel disappointed His exam results were very disappointing.
making you feel shocked by being unpleasant and
disgusted dɪsˈɡʌstəd We felt disgusted by the way we'd been treated.
unacceptable
disgusting dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ shocking and unacceptable, extremely unpleasant The way he treats her is disgusting.
depressing dɪˈpresɪŋ making you feel sad I've just finished reading a depressing book.
if you are interested in something, you want to know more
interested ˈɪntrəstəd She's very interested in computers.
about it and you give it your attention
terrifying ˈterəfaɪ-ɪŋ extremely frightening The nightmare was terrifying.
terrified ˈterəfaɪd very fightened She was a terrified little girl.
to start or have a conversation with someone you think is Simon loves trying to chat up girls when we go out on
chat up ˌtʃæt ˈʌp
attractive Saturday nights!
to press the button of a computer mouse to select
click on ˈklɪk ɒn Click on the arrow and follow the instructions.
something on a computer screen, the internet, etc.
to wear clothes that are less formal than the ones you
dress down ˌdres ˈdaʊn She dressed down in old jeans and a T-shirt.
usually wear
to stop using a computer system by giving it particular When you've finished using the computer, close the
log off ˌlɒɡ ˈɒf
instructions internet and log off.
to move the information on a computer, phone, etc. screen If you scroll up to the top of the page, you'll see the
scroll up ˌskrəʊl ˈʌp
up or down to see more information address.
to start living a quiet and calm life in one place, especially They'd like to see their son settle down, get married,
settle down ˌsetl ˈdaʊn
when you get married and have kids.
 if a company, factory, machine, etc. shuts down, or if you
shut down ˌʃʌt ˈdaʊn Hundreds of local post offices have shut down.
shut it down, it stops operating
take off ˌteɪk ˈɒf to remove some clothing He took off his shoes.
to wear clothes (usually in a shop) to see if you want to
try on ˌtraɪ ˈɒn Can I try this dress on in a size 14, please?
buy them
Since I saw how hamburgers are made, I've gone off
go off ɡəʊ ˈɒf to stop liking someone or something
them completely!
to put on more formal clothes than you usually wear, or to
dress up ˌdres ˈʌp I went to the party dressed up as a gorilla.
put on special clothes for fun
to separate something from the main part with a knife etc,
cut off ˌkʌt ˈɒf The US has cut off aid to the country.
to stop the supply of something to someone
call off ˌkɔːl ˈɒf to decide that a planned event will not happen The game was called off due to bad weather.
to delay doing something or to arrange to do something at
put it off ˌpʊt ɪt ˈɒf a later time or date, especially because there is a problem She put off going to the doctor until she felt really ill.
or you do not want to do it now
to be clearly better than other things or people or to be very Morrison stands out as the most experienced
stand out ˌstænd ˈaʊt
easy to see or notice candidate.
work out ˌwɜːk ˈaʊt to calculate an amount, price, or value Let's work out how much money we need.
We look after Rodney's kids until he gets home from
look after lʊk ˈɑːftə to take care of someone or something
work.
to make sure that something is actually true, correct, or
check out ˌtʃek ˈaʊt I made a phone call to check out his address.
acceptable
to write all the necessary information on an official
fill in ˌfɪl ˈɪn I hate filling in forms.
document, form etc
to allow someone into a building by opening or unlocking
let someone in ˌlet sʌmwʌn ˈɪn I forgot my key. Can you let me in?
a door
to find somewhere to sit in a waiting room or on a bus or I was very lucky on the train this morning – I managed
get a seat ɡet ə ˈsiːt
train to get a seat!
My neighbours are holding a sale in their garden
hold a sale ˌhəʊld ə ˈseɪl when a shop or person sells things cheaply
because they're moving house.
I hate it when people try to jump the queue in the post
jump a queue ˌdʒʌmp ə ˈkjuː to avoid waiting in a line of people
office!
to collect money that you can use to do a particular job or My sister's running a marathon to raise money for
raise money ˌreɪz ˈmʌni
help people charity.
to make something shorter with a knife, scissors etc, I went to have my hair cut at the hairdresser's last
cut hair ˌkʌt ˈheə
especially in order to make it neater week.
to look at something for a period of time on TV, paying I always watch my favourite programmes with my
watch a programme ˌwɒtʃ ə ˈprəʊɡræm
attention to what is happening friends.
fail feɪl to not succeed in doing something that you try to do Have you ever failed an exam?
We're celebrating tonight because my wife got
get promoted ɡet prəˈməʊtəd to be given a better, more responsible job in a company
promoted to Senior Manager!
split up ˌsplɪt ˈʌp if people split up, they end their marriage or relationship My parents split up when I was three.
pass pɑːs to succeed in doing something that you try to do I passed all my exams and am so pleased.
if you lose something that is important or necessary, you
Dave was very upset when he lost his job due to
lose luːz then no longer have it, especially because it has been taken
redundancy.
from you or destroyed
a fact that explains why something happens or why
reason ˈriːzən He wouldn't give the reasons for his decision.
someone does something
Being a good listener helps others have confidence in
listener ˈlɪsənə someone who listens
you.
to make plans or arrangements for something that will
prepare priˈpeə I haven't even begun to prepare for tomorrow's test.
happen soon, or to get yourself ready for it
news njuːz information about something that has happened recently I have some good news for you!
unhappy because something unpleasant or disappointing
upset ʌpˈset She's still very upset about her father's death.
has happened
the way your voice sounds, which shows how you are I know you're angry, but you can't talk to people in
tone of voice ˌtəʊn əv ˈvɔɪs
feeling or what you mean that tone of voice!
Jon wants to work as cabin crew, so he's working hard
work hard ˌwɜːk ˈhɑːd to make a lot of effort to achieve a goal
at his foreign languages.
opportunity ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti a chance to do something What's the best opportunity you've ever had?
to be in a time or situation which you can use to do
have the opportunity hæv ði ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti I'd love to have the opportunity to meet a celebrity!
something that you want to do
high achiever ˌhaɪ əˈtʃiːvə someone who is very successful in their work Our son is a very high achiever.
The most important thing when you go for a job
believe in yourself bəˈliːv ɪn jɔːˌself to have confidence that you can be successful
interview is to believe in yourself.
have a natural talent hæv ə ˌnætʃərəl ˈtælənt to be born with a particular ability or skill Jane has a natural talent for painting.
My boyfriend is world-class at rowing – he's
be world-class at bi ˌwɜːld ˈklɑːs ət to be one of the best people in the world at what you do
competing in the Olympics next year!
master ˈmɑːstə to learn a subject or skill very well I never mastered the violin.
a skilled activity in which you make something using your I'd like to try a traditional country craft such as pottery
craft krɑːft
hands or weaving.
an ability to do something well, especially because you
skill skɪl Reading and writing are two different skills.
have learned and practised it
In a job interview, you have to focus on the things you
focus on ˈfəʊkəs ɒn to give special attention to one particular person or thing
can do, not the things you can't.
a prize for being more successful or popular than other
award əˈwɔːd She won an award for her acting.
people or things
a list of people and things that have been chosen from a
shortlist ˈʃɔːtlɪst She's on the shortlist for a first novel prize.
larger group to be considered for a job or prize
a round flat piece of metal given to someone who has been
medal ˈmedl She won a gold medal at the Olympics.
successful in a competition or done something brave
runner up ˌrʌnər ˈʌp the person or team that finishes second in a comptetition Kate was a runner-up in the competition.
winning team ˌwɪnɪŋ ˈtiːm the group that wins a competition I prefer being on the winning team.
to officially suggest that someone or something should be
nominate ˈnɒməneɪt The film was nominated for an award.
given an important position or prize
to achieve the highest mark that a student can get in an
get an 'A' ɡet ən ˈeɪ He was pleased when he got an A in Music.
examination or for a piece of work
have one thing in common hæv ˌwʌn θɪŋ ɪn ˈkɒmən to share an interest or idea with someone We have one thing in common: we both like fishing.
to have the right to enter a place, use something, see
have access to hæv ˈækses tə Do you have access to the internet at home?
someone, etc.
My boyfriend is world-class at judo – he's competing
be world-class at bi ˌwɜːld ˈklɑːs ət to be one of the best people in the world at what you do
in the Olympics next year!
The film picks up on the difficulties people
pick up on ˌpɪk ˈʌp ɒn to show or notice something
experienced during the war.
to spend time or use energy working or practising If you want to get better, you have to put in a lot of
put in pʊt ˈɪn
something hours of practice.
have a talent for hæv ə ˈtælənt fə to have an unusual amount of skill in a particular area Zoe seems to have a talent for making money!
agree with əˈɡriː wɪð, wɪθ to have the same opinion as someone else I agree with Karen. It's much too expensive.
to shout and say angry things to someone because you
argue with ˈɑːɡjuː wɪð, wɪθ I often argue with my brother.
disagree with them
to keep thinking about a problem or about something bad
worry about ˈwʌri əˌbaʊt Parents always worry about their children.
that might happen so that you do not feel happy or relaxed
to say that you are annoyed, not satisfied, or unhappy
complain about kəmˈpleɪn əˌbaʊt He complains about not being appreciated at work.
about something or someone
belong to bɪˈlɒŋ tə if something belongs to someone, they own it That necklance belongs to Josie.
pay attention to ˌpeɪ əˈtenʃən tə to listen to or watch someone or something carefully Always pay attention to the car in front.
to stay somewhere or not do something until something
wait for ˈweɪt fə The queue of people are waiting for the next bus.
else happens or someone arrives
to give someone money for something you buy or for a
pay for ˈpeɪ fə My mum paid for my driving lessons.
service
if something depends on something else, it is directly Your grade will depend on your performance in the
depend on dɪˈpend ɒn
affected by that thing final exam.
rely on rɪˈlaɪ ɒn to trust or depend on someone or something I knew I could rely on you.
The women all looked at the celebrity as she entered
look at ˈlʊk ət to turn your eyes towards something, so that you can see it
the room.
to make sounds with your voice because you think
laugh at ˈlɑːf ət She was laughing at the memory.
something is funny
succeed in səkˈsiːd ɪn to do what you tried or wanted to do I was determined to succeed in the retail business.
to think that something is true or that someone is telling
believe in bɪˈliːv ɪn Do you believe in UFOs?
the truth
cope with ˈkəʊp wɪð, wɪθ to succeed in dealing with a difficult problem or situation She found it hard to cope with the death of her father.
write about ˈraɪt əˌbaʊt to produce a new book, article, poem etc O'Brien often writes about her native Ireland.
 to give or sell something to soemone, although you do not
part with ˈpɑːt wɪð, wɪθ I was relucatant to part with the painting.
want to

stick to ˈstɪk tʊ to do what you said you would do, even when it is difficult We decided to stick to our original plan.
care for ˈkeə fɔː to look after someone or something Angie gave up her job to care for her mother.
The teachers are protesting against changes to the
protest about prəˈtest əˌbaʊt to show publicly that you think something is wrong
education system.
to cause something to happen or cause someone to do A degree in English Literature could lead to a job as a
lead to ˈliːd tʊ
something teacher.
work for ˈwɜːk fə to do a job that you are paid for I work for a large law firm.
1to spend time working in order to produce or repair
work on ˈwɜːk ɒn He works on his car every weekend.
something
go on ɡəʊ ˈɒn to continue He was too tired to go on and finish the race.
This weekend I'm taking part in a bicycle race with my
take part in teɪk ˈpɑːt ɪn to participate
brother.
result in rɪˈzʌlt ɪn to make something happen A traffic accident resulted in the death of two drivers.
He has a lot of ability as a dancer. I think he could
have a lot of ability as hæv ə ˌlɒt əv əˈbɪləti əz to be (very) skilled
become a professional.
have an aptitude for hæv ən ˈæptɪtjuːd fə to have a natural ability She has an aptitude for maths.
hopeless at ˈhəʊpləs ət having no ablility I'm absolutely hopeless at mental arithmetic.
to have a special skill or special knowledge of a subject, Mary's an expert in historical art. She's been studying
be an expert in bi ə ˈekspɜːt ɪn
gained as a result of training or experience it for years.
be gifted at bi ˈɡɪftəd ət to have a natural ability Terry's very gifted at sculpture.
good at doing something that you have learned and
skilful ˈskɪlfəl He's a really skilful photographer.
practised
talented ˈtæləntəd having a natural ability to do something well Donna's a talented musician.
I'm useless at ball sports. I just don't have good hand-
useless at ˈjuːsləs ət not useful or effective at all
eye coordination.
if you have a qualification, you have passed an
qualification ˌkwɒləfəˈkeɪʃən examination or course to show you have a particular level He left school without any qualifications.
of skill or knowledge in a subject
an official document that shows something is true or
certificate səˈtɪfɪkət Do you know anyone with a certificate in first aid?
correct
an official card that says that you are legally allowed to Did you know you can use your driving licence as
driving licence ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˌlaɪsəns
drive a car identification in a pub?
an official document that gives you permission to do or
licence ˈlaɪsəns Do you know anyone with a pilot’s licence?
own something
a method of study that involves working at home and I'm studying for a distance-learning qualification in
distance learning ˈdɪstəns ˌlɜːnɪŋ
sending your work to your teacher creative writing.
the job of being an apprentice, or the period of time in
apprenticeship əˈprentəsʃɪp He’s serving an apprenticeship as a printer.
which you are an apprentice
 a face-to-face meeting, conversation, etc. is one where you
face-to-face ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs Do you prefer telephone or face-to-face interviews?
are with another person
course of study at a university or college, or the
degree dɪˈɡriː qualification that is given to you when you have What did you study for your degree?
successfully completed the course
a shorter university degree in a subject that you can get
MA ˌem ˈeɪ She's studying for an MA in marketing.
after your first degree
a university degree of a very high level, which involves
PhD ˌpiː eɪtʃ ˈdiː Bill's got a PhD in psychiatry.
doing advanced research, or a person who has this degree
a series of lessons or a period of study in a particular
course kɔːs Andy’s doing a computer course.
subject
to become familiar with a person and discover what their My husband seems grumpy at first, but once you get to
get to know ˌɡet tə ˈnəʊ
personality is like know him, he's a very nice man.
get on your nerves ˌɡet ɒn jɔː ˈnɜːvz when something annoys or irritates you It really gets on my nerves when people eat noisily!
Mike has invited us over for a cup of tea this
invite over ɪnˌvaɪt ˈəʊvə to ask someone to come to your house
afternoon.
to act in a private way and not attempt to interact with I like to keep myself to myself so I don't think the
keep yourself to yourself ˌkiːp jəˌself tə jəˈself
other people neighbours know me very well.
Have you made friends with many people since you
make friends with meɪk ˈfrendz wɪð, wɪθ to become friends with someone
moved here?
I never listen to people gossiping – I prefer to mind
mind your own business ˌmaɪnd jɔːr ˌəʊn ˈbɪznəs to not get involved in situations that do not concern you
my own business.
nuisance ˈnjuːsəns someone or something that annoys you or causes problems Sorry to be a nuisance, but could I use your phone?
always trying to find out private information about Our neighbours are really nosy. They look out the
nosy ˈnəʊzi
someone window whenever someone comes to our house.
to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what
disturb dɪˈstɜːb Sorry to disturb you, but it’s urgent.
they are doing
to talk informally about other people’s behaviour and
gossip ˈɡɒsəp She loves gossipping about the new neighbours.
private lives
pop over ˌpɒp ˈəʊvə to visit your house for a short time He pops over for a cup of tea most Fridays.
He's so unfriendly, he never stops for a chat when I see
unfriendly ʌnˈfrendli not kind or friendly
him.
main road ˌmeɪn ˈrəʊd a large and important road We live just off the main road.
a structure that has been built and filled with water for I always ask for a hotel with a swimming pool when
swimming pool ˈswɪmɪŋ puːl
people to swim in I'm booking a holiday.
bookshop ˈbʊkʃɒp a shop which sells predominately books He can spend hours in the main bookshop in town.
car park ˈkɑː pɑːk an area or building where people can park their cars Do you have to pay to use the car park?
Do you know how much car rental from the airport
car rental ˈkɑː ˌrentl the act of paying money to borrow a car from a company
costs?
city centre ˌsɪti ˈsentə the main shopping or business area in a city We live just outside the city centre.
 a shop in an airport or on a ship that sells alcohol,
Can you buy me a bottle of whisky from the duty-free
duty-free shop ˌdjuːti ˈfriː ʃɒp cigarettes, etc. without the tax that you have to pay if you
shop in the airport, please?
buy them in a country
a shop that sells small things that are suitable for giving as I never buy anything from gift shops when I'm on
gift shop ˈɡɪft ʃɒp
presents holiday – they're so expensive!
the main street in a town where the shops and businesses
high street ˈhaɪ striːt A new bookshop has opened on the high street.
are
That new housing zone has destroyed a lot of animals'
housing zone ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˌzəʊn an area where a lot of houses have been built
habitats.
Their new office is in the industrial zone to the west of
industrial zone ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌzəʊn an area where there is a lot of industry
the city centre.
I've just enrolled for Swahili classes at the language
language school ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˌskuːl a place where you go to learn a foreign language.
school round the corner from where I work.
Be careful the police don't catch you driving down a
one-way street ˌwʌn weɪ ˈstriːt a road down which you can only drive in one direction
one-way street!
a place in the open air which has lots of stalls from which
The outdoor market is every Sunday, and is open from
outdoor market ˌaʊtdɔː ˈmɑːkət you can buy fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and other
6a.m. to 2p.m.
things
a school in England and Wales for children between 5 and
primary school ˈpraɪməri skuːl Which primary school did you go to?
11 years old
We used to live in a semi-detached house when I was a
semi-detached house ˌsemi dɪˌtætʃt ˈhaʊs a house which is joined to another house
child.
What do you think of the new shopping centre they're
shopping centre ˈʃɒpɪŋ ˌsentə a group of shops together in one area
building next to the industrial zone?
shopping mall ˈʃɒpɪŋ mɔːl the American term for a shopping centre Does your city have a shopping mall?
sports centre ˌspɔːts ˌsentə a building where you can do different sports I've just enrolled in yoga classes at the sports centre.
a very large shop that sells food, drinks, and things that
supermarket ˈsuːpəˌmɑːkət I'm going to the supermarket. Do you need anything?
people need regularly in their homes
terraced house ˌterəst ˈhaʊs a house that is one of a row of houses joined together Living in a terraced house can be very noisy.
a long line of vehicles on the road that cannot move, or
traffic jam ˈtræfɪk dʒæm We were stuck in a traffic jam for hours.
that move very slowly
a set of red, yellow, and green lights that control the
traffic lights ˈtræfɪk laɪts My house is just after the traffic lights, on the left.
movement of traffic
tennis court ˈtenɪs kɔːt a large rectangular area that you plan tennis on The nearest tennis court is 20 kilometres away.
tennis racket ˈtenɪs ˌrækɪt a piece of equipment that you use for playing tennis I need to buy a new tennis racket.
tennis player ˈtenɪs ˌpleɪə someone who plays tennis I'd like to be a professsional tennis player.
coffee cup ˈkɒfi kʌp a small container with a handle that you drink from I have my favourite coffee cup to drink from.
a small restaurant where you can buy drinks and small
coffee shop ˈkɒfi ʃɒp There is a coffee shop next to the hospital entrance.
meals
coffee machine ˈkɒfi məˌʃiːn a machine that makes coffee The coffee machine accepts only coins.
 a place where you can buy stamps, and send letters and I need to go to the post office and send a lettter to my
post office ˈpəʊst ˌɒfəs
packages mom.
a card that you can send without an envelope, often one
postcard ˈpəʊstkɑːd James sent us a postcard from Paris.
with a picture on it
a group of letters and numbers that you write at the end of
postcode ˈpəʊstkəʊd I can't find the correct postcode for this city.
an address
the difficulties people with no common language have Because of the language barrier, it was hard for the
language barrier ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˌbæriə
when they try to communicate doctors to explain about the operation.
Language learners often have problems with different
language learner ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˌlɜːnə a person who is learning a language
tenses.
a special room or building which often contains computers We have regular lessons in our language laboratory
language lab ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˌlæb
for a special lesson at school which has lots of computers.
suntan ˈsʌntæn when you skin goes brown from being in the sun I never get a suntan because I don't like sunbathing.
sun cream ˈsʌn kriːm a skin cream to stop the sun from burning you I always use sun cream when I'm on holiday.
dark glasses that you wear to protect your eyes from the She bought herself very expensive designer
sunglasses ˈsʌnˌɡlɑːsəz
sun sunglasses.
sports shoes ˈspɔːts ʃuːz shoes used for sports or exercises Remember to wear sports shoes on the tennis court.
Jim is running a marathon in two months so he bought
running shoes ˈrʌnɪŋ ʃuːz shoes used for running
himself new running shoes.
Jane is getting married soon so she bought white high-
high-heeled shoes ˌhaɪ hiːld ˈʃuːz shoes in which the heels are raised high
heeled shoes.
Could you lend me the history textbook? I need to
textbook ˈtekstbʊk a book about a subject which students use
study for the test.
I switched to online banking, but my mum still uses a
chequebook ˈtʃekbʊk a small book of cheques
chequebook.
a book, especially for children, with many pictures and not I bought my niece a picture book so she can learn the
picture book ˈpɪktʃə bʊk
many words names of animals.
bedroom ˈbedrʊm, -ruːm a room for sleeping in John's in his bedroom.
dining room ˈdaɪnɪŋ ruːm, rʊm a room where you eat your meals in a house or hotel We rarely eat breakfast in the dining room.
a room where you change your clothes when you play Can you bring a bigger size of the dress to the
changing room ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ ruːm, rʊm
sport, try on clothes in a shop etc changing room?
sewing machine ˈsəʊɪŋ məˌʃiːn a machine for sewing cloth together I can use the sewing machine to repair my clothes.
Remember to turn the washing machine on when you
washing machine ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn a machine that washes clothes
get home.
drinks machine ˈdrɪŋks məˌʃiːn a machine that sells drinks Can you buy me a drink from that drinks machine?
a telephone that you can carry with you and use
mobile phone ˌməʊbaɪl ˈfəʊn I need to charge my mobile phone.
everywhere
Pay phones are becoming less popular because
pay phone ˈpeɪ fəʊn a public telephone that you pay to use
everyone uses mobile phones.
a telephone that you can carry with you and use
cellphone ˈselfəʊn I need to charge my cellphone.
everywhere (American English)
 a computer program that helps you find information on the
search engine ˈsɜːtʃ ˌendʒən Which search engine do you use the most?
internet
a website which you subscribe to when you want to meet
dating site ˈdeɪtɪŋ saɪt My sister met her partner on a dating site.
someone to have a romantic relationship with
the first page of a website, which often contains links to
personal homepage ˌpɜːsənəl ˈhəʊmpeɪdʒ I shared my personal homepage with all my friends.
other pages on that website
a web page containing information or opinions from a
blog blɒɡ particular person or about a particular subject, to which My friend has a blog about surfing in Bali.
new information is added regularly
a website with information that users can change or add My friend and I are going to set up a wiki for fans of
wiki ˈwɪki
things to alternative music.
a web page which contains information about yourself
made available to other people, especially people you share
social networking site ˌsəʊʃəl ˈnetwɜːkɪŋ ˌsaɪt Are you a member of any social networking websites?
an interest or a connection with, and to send messages to
them
Did you see the article on the news site about the
news site ˈnjuːz saɪt a website dedicated to communicating current news
volcano?
video clip ˈvɪdiəʊ ˌklɪp a short piece of video taken from a longer recording Do you ever watch funny video clips on the internet?
a website where you can upload photos for other people to Have you ever put any photos on a photo sharing
photo sharing website ˈfəʊtəʊ ʃeərɪŋ ˌwebsaɪt
look at and comment on website?
travel site ˈtrævəl saɪt a website dedicated to travel information I often refer to travel sites when booking holidays.
corporate ˌkɔːpərət ˈwebsaɪt a business website Jobs are advertised initially on our corporate website.
be my guest ˌbiː maɪ ˈɡest used to give someone permission ‘Could I use your phone?’ ‘Be my guest!’
used to apologise for your house, flat, desk, etc. not being Come in! Excuse the mess, I haven't finished
excuse the mess ɪkˌskjuːz ðə ˈmes
tidy unpacking from my holiday yet!
Come in and have a seat. The doctor will call you
have a seat ˌhæv ə ˈsiːt used to invite someone to sit down
when he's ready.
used to give permission for someone to use or take
help yourself ˌhelp jəˈself Please help yourself to more tea and biscuits.
something that is yours
make yourself at home ˌmeɪk jəself ət ˈhəʊm used when want someone to feel relaxed in your house Sit down and make yourself at home.
to relax, especially by sitting with your feet supported on
put your feet up ˌpʊt jə ˈfiːt ʌp You've had a hard day – go and put your feet up!
something
a complete change in the way people think or do We are in the middle of a social networking
revolution ˌrevəˈluːʃən
something revolution.
when something increases and affects a larger area or more The biggest problem after a natural disaster is the
spread spred
people spread of disease.
Meeting my husband was the biggest turning point in
turning point ˈtɜːnɪŋ pɔɪnt the time when an important change starts to happen
my life.
a fact or piece of knowledge that someone learns about, Astronomers have made significant discoveries about
discovery dɪsˈkʌvəri
when it was not known before our galaxy.
 The computer was one of the most important
invention ɪnˈvenʃən a machine, tool, system, etc. that someone has invented
inventions of the twentieth century.
a basic idea, principle, situation, etc. that something
foundation faʊnˈdeɪʃən The wheel is the foundation of most transport.
develops from
a group of people who have the same beliefs and work Do you remember the civil rights movement of the
movement ˈmuːvmənt
together to achieve a particular aim 1960s?
the process of getting better at doing something, or getting
progress ˈprəʊɡres Nick has made a lot of progress at school.
closer to finishing or achieving something
Vitamins are necessary for a child’s growth and
development dɪˈveləpmənt the process of growing, changing, or becoming better
development.
What do you think was the most important medical
advance ədˈvɑːns a change, discovery, or invention that brings progress
advance ever?
when the army of one country enters another country, in The government is planning an invasion of another
invasion ɪnˈveɪʒən
order to take control of it country.
invade ɪnˈveɪd to enter a place with an army, in order to take control of it The Romans invaded Britain.
a country or an army which enters a place in order to take
invader ɪnˈveɪdə They finally managed to defeat the invaders.
control of it
I am studying the history of past-war Europe because I
history ˈhɪstəri the things that happened or existed in the past
have an exam tomorrow.
relating to people or things that happened or existed in the
historical hɪˈstɒrɪkəl The book is a mixture of historical facts and fiction.
past
historic hɪˈstɒrɪk a historic place or event is famous or important in history He told journalists it was a historic moment.
My father is a historian and he teaches history in high
historian hɪˈstɔːriən someone who studies history
schools.
getting control of another country or area and making it a The colonisation of Africa took place in the nineteenth
colonisation ˌkɒlənaɪˈzeɪʃən
colony century.
a country or area that is under the political control of a
colony ˈkɒləni Algeria was a former French colony.
more powerful country, usually one that is far away
to get control of another country or area and make it a
colonise ˈkɒlənaɪz Australia was colonised in the eighteenth century.
colony
coloniser ˈkɒlənaɪzə someone who makes a colony Europe was one of the colonisers of America.
the political system in which everyone can vote to choose The country wants to become a democracy in the long
democracy dɪˈmɒkrəsi
the government, or a country that has this system term.
democratise dɪˈmɒkrətaɪz to make a country or an organisation use democracy We should democratise the decision-making process.
a democratic government or leader has been elected by the He was chosen as the preisdent in a democratic
democratic ˌdeməˈkrætɪk
people of country election.
democrat ˈdeməkræt someone who supports the idea of democracy My grandfather was a democrat all his life.
liberation ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən being freed from restrictions or someone's control It's time for the liberation of all people!
to free someone or something from restrictions or
liberate ˈlɪbəreɪt The city was liberated by the Allies in 1944.
someone's control
liberator ˈlɪbəreɪtə someone who liberates He was the great liberator of the country.
 a fact or piece of knowledge that someone learns about, Scientists have made significant discoveries about
discovery dɪsˈkʌvəri
when it was not known before DNA.
to find something out either by accident or because they
discover dɪsˈkʌvə I discovered some treasure in a local park.
were looking for it
someone who finds someone or something, either by
discoverer dɪsˈkʌvərə The Curies were the discoverers of radium.
accident or because they were looking for it
to take someone to a place by going with them or in front
lead liːd The captain lead his warriors into battle.
of them
leadership ˈliːdəʃɪp when someone is the leader of a team, organization etc. He took over the leadership of the Republican Party.
the person who directs or controls a group, organization,
leader ˈliːdə She is a natural leader because she's so confident.
country etc
the process of something becoming bigger or more There are opportunities for professional development
development dɪˈveləpment
important in this role.
if something develops, or if you develop it, it gets bigger The new prime minister plans to develop the local
develop dɪˈveləp
or becomes more important economy.

developing dɪˈveləpɪŋ growing and becoming more advanced There are still many developing countries in the world.

a person or company that makes money by buying land

developer dɪˈveləpə A large developer has bought that plot to build flats.
and then building houses, factories etc on it
to think of an idea for a new product, machine etc, and
invent ɪnˈvent Alexander Bell invented the telephone.
design it or make it
We could not come up with any inventive solutions to
inventive ɪnˈventɪv using new and interesting ideas
the problem.
I heard his greatgrandfather was the inventor of
inventor ɪnˈventə someone who has invented something
bicycle.
found faʊnd to start an organisation The Academy was founded in 1666.
founder ˈfaʊndə someone who starts an organisation He was the founder of this university.
fonding ˈfaʊndɪŋ first or orginal person present at the foundation She was the founding director.
an independent country is not governed or controlled by
independent ˌɪndəˈpendənt India became independent in 1947.
another country
political freedom from control by another country, or the
freedom and ability to make your own decisions in life,
independence ˌɪndəˈpendəns Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960.
without having to ask other people for permission, help, or
money
age eɪdʒ a particular period of history We are living in the age of technology.
decade ˈdekeɪd, deˈkeɪd a period of ten years In which decade were you born?
era ˈɪərə a period of time in history The film is set in the post-war era.
fortnight ˈfɔːtnaɪt two weeks The meetings take place once a fortnight.
a period of 1,000 years, or the time when a new 1,000-year How did you celebrate the millennium (=when the
millennium mɪˈleniəm
period begins year 1999 became 2000)?
quarter-century ˌkwɔːtə ˈsentʃəri twenty-five years We started this company a quarter-century ago.
 all the people in a society or family who are about the Three generations of the Lambe family have lived
generation ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən
same age here.
nineteen-seventies (1970s) ˌnaɪntiːn ˈsevəntiz the period between 1970-1979 Music was really important in the nineteen-seventies.
the seventies (70s) ðə ˈsevəntiz the period between 1970-1979 Flares came from the seventies.
come back from kʌm ˈbæk frəm to return to one place from another When did you come back from holiday?
She comes from a big family, so being a mother
naturally ˈnætʃərəli when something is easy because you have a natural ability
herself comes naturally to her.
first fɜːst to win I came first in the race and won a £10,000 prize!
come by car ˌkʌm baɪ ˈkɑː to arrive at a place using a car I came by car because I thought it'd be quicker.
Could you give me directions to the post office,
directions dəˈrekʃənz, daɪ- to tell someone how to get to a particular place
please?
My dad gave me instructions over the phone about
instructions ɪnˈstrʌkʃənz to tell someone how to do something
how to prepare the meal.
This morning our boss gave us a talk about the
talk tɔːk to make a speech
company's progress.
give me a call ˌɡɪv mi ə ˈkɔːl to telephone me Give me a call if you think you'll be late.
The dog came in from the garden and made a mess of
mess mes to make an area untidy
our white carpets!
to make a choice or judgement after a period of discussion Have you made a decision about whether to sell your
decision dɪˈsɪʒən
or thought house or not?
profit ˈprɒfət to make more money than you spend Last year our company made a profit of £2.2 billion.
the process of getting better at doing something, or getting
progress ˈprəʊɡres Little progress has been made on human rights issues.
closer to finishing or achieving something
a good time ə ˌɡʊd ˈtaɪm to enjoy yourself Did you have a good time at the party last night?
break breɪk to stop working in order to rest, eat, etc. We'll have a one-hour break for lunch after this talk.
I'm having trouble with this new one-way system. I
have trouble with hæv ˈtrʌbəl wɪð, wɪθ to have problems with something or someone
keep getting lost.
a wish to do, be, or have something – used especially when
have a dream of hæv ə ˈdriːm əv He had dreams of being an astronaut.
this seems unlikely
dinner ˈdɪnə a meal in the evening Why don't you come to dinner tomorrow?
come across ˌkʌm əˈkrɒs to discover something often by accident I got lost and came across the most lovely café.
come nearer ˌkʌm ˈnɪərə to reduce the distance between two things If you come nearer the laptop you can see the photos.
one form of something that is slightly different from all
come closer ˌkʌm ˈkləʊsə Come closer and you'll see better.
other forms
come in blue ˌkʌm ɪn ˈbluː to be produced in a certain colour It comes in blue and black. Which do you prefer?
come over kʌm ˈəʊvə if someone comes over, they visit you at your house Do you want to come over on Friday evening?
His spelling has come a long way since he started
come a long way ˌkʌm ə lɒŋ ˈweɪ to develop a lot
spelling club.
come with ˈkʌm wɪð, wɪθ to accompany someone or something The bookshelf came with instructions.
advice ədˈvaɪs when you tell someone what you think they should do Can you give me some advice about buying a house?
 something that is given to someone who is successful in a
prize praɪz He gave a prize for the best drawing.
competition, race, etc.
something, especially money, that you give to help a
donation dəʊˈneɪʃən Please give a donation to the hospital fund.
person or organisation
an instruction to do something that is given by someone in
order ˈɔːdə The captain gave orders to abandon ship.
authority
if something that happens is a shock, you did not expect it, You gave me a shock when you shouted across the
shock ʃɒk
and it makes you feel very surprised, and usually upset supermarket.
headache ˈhedeɪk a pain or discomfort in your head Loud music gives me a headache.
one side of a piece of paper in a book, newspaper,
page peɪdʒ The book has 200 pages.
document etc, or the sheet of paper itself
chance tʃɑːns opportunity I think you have a chance at winning.
someone’s ability to remember things, places, experiences
memory ˈmeməri I have good memories from university.
etc
disease dɪˈziːz an illness which affects a person, animal, or plant I think she has a rare disease of the blood.
a unit for measuring the amount of energy that food will
calorie ˈkæləri Chocolate has a lot of calories.
produce
a plan or suggestion for a possible course of action,
idea aɪˈdɪə I have lots of ideas for the weekend.
especially one that you think of suddenly
She made an attempt to sort out the mess but she
attempt əˈtempt when you try to do something
failed.
an agreement or arrangement, especially in business or She made a deal with a leading supermarket to sell her
deal diːl
politics, that helps both sides involved products.
fortune ˈfɔːtʃən a very large amount of money He made a fortune buying and selling property.
living ˈlɪvɪŋ the way that you earn money or the money that you earn It's hard to make a living as a muscian.
an attempt to do something, especially when this involves
effort ˈefət Please make an effort to be polite to the guests.
a lot of hard work or determination
a set of names, numbers etc, usually written one below the
list lɪst other, for example so that you can remember or check Make a list of all the things you have to do.
them
showing that you are not afraid to do something that is
brave breɪv I think firefighters are incredibly brave.
dangerous, frightening, or difficult
having the natural ability to attract and influence other
charismatic ˌkærəzˈmætɪk Martin Luther King was a very charismatic speaker.
people
exemplary behaviour is excellent and can be used as an This is a company with an exemplary record on
exemplary ɪɡˈzempləri
example for other people to copy environmental issues.
innovative ˈɪnəvətɪv using clever new ideas and methods Leonardo da Vinci was an extremely innovative man.
providing encouragement or new ideas for what you
inspirational ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənəl Jones is an inspirational figure in Welsh rugby.
should do
completely new and different from anything that anyone
original əˈrɪdʒənəl MC Escher was an incredibly original artist.
has thought of before
influential ˌɪnfluˈenʃəl able to influence what happens or what people think He has some very influential friends.
She's one of Japan’s most talented and creative film
creative kriˈeɪtɪv a creative person is good at thinking of new ideas
directors.
relating to farming or gardening without using chemicals
organic ɔːˈɡænɪk Do you mind paying extra for organic food?
that are harmful to the environment
We need to try and reduce how much packaging we
packaging ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ the bags, boxes, etc. that a product is sold in
buy and throw away.
describes food which has been previously cooked and is Sicentists say that pre-prepared food is less healthy
pre-prepared ˌpriː prɪˈpeəd
ready to eat as soon as you buy it than organic food.
processed food has substances added to it before it is sold Processed food is often more fattening than organic
processed ˈprəʊsest
in order to preserve it, improve its colour, etc. food.
to put glass, paper, etc. through a special process so that it
recycle ˌriːˈsaɪkəl How much of your rubbish do you recycle?
can be used again
something you buy which is not new but has been owned This is a fantastic shop which sells all sorts of
secondhand item ˌsekəndˈhænd ˌaɪtəm
by someone else before you secondhand items.
double-glazed ˌdʌbəl ˈɡleɪzd a type of window with two layers of glass Have you got double-glazed windows in your house?
Installing energy-saving light bulbs in your house will
energy-saving ˈenədʒi ˌseɪvɪŋ efficient and not using much electricity
dramatically cut your electricity bills.
covered with a material that stops electricity, sound, heat, The better insulated your house, the lower your
insulated ˈɪnsjəleɪtəd
etc. from getting in or out electricity bills will be.
the glass part of an electric light, where the light shines
light bulb ˈlaɪt bʌlb Do you use energy-saving lightbulbs in your house?
from
(electrical equipment) not completely switched off but Leaving your TV on standby may be more convenient,
on standby ɒn ˈstændbaɪ
ready to be used if needed but less environentally-friendly.
damage caused to air, water, soil, etc. by harmful
pollution pəˈluːʃən Pollution is one of the biggest threat to marine life.
chemicals and waste
to keep someone or something safe from harm, damage, or Do you think there should be more laws to protect the
protect prəˈtekt
illness environment?
What can we do to stop the destruction of the
destruction dɪˈstrʌkʃən when something is destroyed
rainforest?
harmful ˈhɑːmfəl causing harm or damage There are many harmful effects of smoking.
white, grey, or black gas that is produced by a factory Factory smoke was at its worst during the industrial
factory smoke ˌfæktəri ˈsməʊk
burning something revolution.
an increase in world temperatures, caused by an increase in Scientists knew about global warming before the rest
global warming ˌɡləʊbəl ˈwɔːmɪŋ
carbon dioxide around the Earth of the population.
not causing much or any damage to the natural Scientists say that electric cars are more
environmentally-friendly ɪnˌvaɪərənmentl-i ˈfrendli
environment environmentally friendly than petrol-powered ones.
material produced by industries which has to be thrown
industrial waste ɪnˌdʌstriəl ˈweɪst Industrial waste causes air and water pollution.
away
car exhaust fumes ˌkɑːr ɪɡˈzɔːst ˌfjuːmz the gas produced when a car is running Car exhaust fumes causes air pollution.
 a small metal container in which a liquid substance is kept Deodorants are often sold in the form of an aerosol
aerosol can ˌeərəsɒl ˈkæn
under pressure can.
a thing that exists in nature and can be used by people, for Natural resources can be used for producing
natural resource ˌnætʃərəl rɪˈzɔːs, -ˈsɔːs
example oil, trees etc electricity.
the land, water, and air that people, animals, and plants live
There are many chemicals that are damaging to the
environment ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt
in environment.
a tropical forest with tall trees that are very close together,
Rainforests are very important to the environment, but
rainforest ˈreɪnˌfɒrəst
growing in an area where it rains a lot people are destroying them.
to form a wrong or unfair opinion about a person or a The President had badly misjudged the mood of the
misjudge mɪsˈdʒʌdʒ
situation voters.
misunderstand ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd to not understand something correctly I think you misunderstood my question.
overcook ˌəʊvəˈkʊk to cook something longer than it should I overcooked the pasta and it tasted awful.
She wore an unusual dress and stood out from the
unusual ʌnˈjuːʒuəl, -ʒəl different from what is usual or normal
crowd.
an experience, situation etc that is unreal seems so strange It seemed so unreal to meet and talk to someone so
unreal ˌʌnˈrɪəl
that you think you must be imagining it famous.
The reusable containers mean fewer bottles are thrown
reusable ˌriːˈjuːzəbəl something which can be used again
away.
disagree ˌdɪsəˈɡriː to have or express a different opinion from someone else I disagree with driving when you can walk.
to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to
disobey ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ He disobeyed the captain's orders.
do, or refuse to obey a rule or law
Women who smoke risk giving birth to underweight
underweight ˌʌndəˈweɪt weighing less than is expected or is unusual
babies.
The company created a plane that's invisible to enemy
invisible ɪnˈvɪzəbəl impossible to see
radar.
inappropriate ˌɪnəˈprəʊpriət not suitable His behaviour was totally inappropriate for school.
inadequate ɪnˈædɪkwət not good enough, big enough, skilled enough etc The school has inadequate computer facilities.
inability ˌɪnəˈbɪləti when someone is unable to do something His inability to read caused him many problems.
immature ˌɪməˈtjʊə behaving like a younger person She's very immature.
impossible ɪmˈpɒsəbəl something that is impossible cannot happen or be done It is impossible to predict what will happen.
immobile ɪˈməʊbaɪl not moving, or not able to move Mark stood immobile.
immoral ɪˈmɒrəl morally wrong It's immortal to treat people like that.
impolite ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt not polite It's impolite to speak with your mouth full in England.
doing things that are not sensible, without thinking about
irresponsible ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbəl He's got a very irresponsible attitude to his work.
the possible bad results
irregular ɪˈreɡjʊlə not happening at regular times He returned to Britain at irregular intervals.
irrelevant ɪˈreləvənt not useful or important in a particular situation I won't bore you with all the irrelevant details.
irrational ɪˈræʃənəl not based on sensible reasons or thoughts I'm having irrational fears about the future.
ex-boss ˌeks ˈbɒs former boss My ex-boss gave me a great reference.
ex-wife ˌeks ˈwaɪf former wife I'm still friends with my ex-wife.
ex-husband ˌeks ˈhʌzbənd former husband My ex-husband has his son every weekend.
ex-girlfriend ˌeks ˈɡɜːlfrend former girlfriend She's one of my ex-girlfriends.
ex-Prime Minister ˌeks praɪm ˈmɪnəstə former Prime Minister The ex-Prime Minister still works in politics.
to ask someone if they would like to have something, or to
offer ˈɒfə Can I offer you something to drink?
hold something out to them so that they can take it
refuse rɪˈfjuːz to say firmly that you will not do or accept something I asked her to marry me, but she refused.
to tell someone that something bad or dangerous may
warn wɔːn We tried to warn her, but she wouldn’t listen.
happen, so that they can avoid it or prevent it
suggest səˈdʒest to tell someone your ideas about what should be done My doctor suggested a week off work.
to give someone the information they need to understand
explain ɪkˈspleɪn I explained the rules to Sara.
something
to say that you will definitely do sometyhing or that
promise ˈprɒmɪs She promised to write to me.
something will definitely happen
invite ɪnˈvaɪt to ask someone to come to a party, meal etc I was invited to their wedding.
a seat on a plan, train or bus which is next to the walkway
aisle seat ˌaɪl ˈsiːt Would you prefer the aile seat or the window seat?
in the middle of the vehicle, not the window
an official piece of paper which shows that you are
boarding card ˈbɔːdɪŋ kɑːd Have you printed out our boarding cards?
allowed to travel on a plane, train, ship or bus
to go to the desk at an airport or hotel to say that you have
check in ˌtʃek ˈɪn You must check in two hours before your flight.
arrived
the place in an airport where you show your boarding card All passengers for the Edinburgh flight go to gate
gate ɡeɪt
before getting on the plane number 4.
small bags that you carry with you when you travel on a I only take hand luggage if I'm going away for the
hand luggage ˈhænd ˌlʌɡɪdʒ
plane weekend.
an official document with your photograph and details
passport ˈpɑːspɔːt about you inside it that you need when you travel to other My son has an American passport.
countries
if you pay extra money for this, you can get on the plane If I could afford it, I'd always pay extra for priority
priority boarding praɪˌɒrəti ˈbɔːdɪŋ
before other people boarding.
Would all passengers please proceed to gate number
proceed prəˈsiːd to move in a particular direction
12.
a piece of electronic equipment that can see inside luggage Everyone must have their hand luggage checked by
X-ray machine ˈeks reɪ məˌʃiːn
and people to see what is inside the X-ray machine.
board bɔːd to get on a plane, train, ship or bus Passengers in rows 15 to 25 may now board.