FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NEKEDE, OWERRI

SCHOOL OF APPLUED AND INDUSTRIAL SCIE NCES

1st SEMESTER EXXAMINATION NDI 2021/2022 SESSION
STC 112 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (EVENING)
INSTRUCTION: ANSWERANY FOUR QUESTIONS IN ALL TIME: 2:30Hrs

1a) Define mole of any chemical specie with the following concepts: (i) Molar Mass (ii)
Avogadro's number (iii) Gas Molecular Volume.
Bi) Calculate the mass of 0.2 mole of carbon atoms.
ii) Calculate the number of moles of iron atoms in 168g of iron.

iii) Calculate the formula mass of MgS O 4 (C=12 , Fe=56 , Mg=24 , 5=32, 0=16)

C) Nigeria has a mole of dollars in her foreign reserve and spends one million dollars in a second.
haw many years will it take her to deplete her foreign reserve.

2a) Calculate the number of mole H 2 O that will be produced by the combustion of 5gms of H 2.

b) What is the concentration in Mol/dm 3 of 1.06gnis of Na2 C O3 dissolved 250 cm3 of vater.

3a) How does the following terms describes or defines a chemical compound?
(i) Empirical formula (ii) Molecular formula
b) A compound Is made up of 25.176 carbon, 34.78% Oxygen and the ret s hydrogen. if the

relative molecular mass is 46, calculate the molecular formula (O=16 ,C=12 , H=1)

4) List the four quantum numbers, tell what each identifies and state the values that each may assume
b) What type of orbital is occupied by an electron with the quantum numbers n=3 , L=2? How many
degenerate orbitals of this type are found in a multi electron atom
c) Write two possible set of quantum number to describe an electron in a 3s atomic orbital
5a) Explain why the halogens do not occur free in nature.
b) Discuss the elemental form of the halogens
c) indicate 3 physical properties of the halogens

d) With an equation each show the reaction of Cl, with Na and with H 2 O

6a) Elements in the periodic table are classified into blocks, briefly explain this and suggest aspect
of the periodic table that suits your explanations.
b) Explain the following trends as it affects elements in the periodic table
(i) atonic radius (ii)) ionization energy (iii) electron affinity (iv) Valency.
7) Why are the group 1A elements (i) univalent (ii) largely ionic (iii) strongly reducing agents
(iv) having the lowest ionization potentials in their period?
b) Describe the following trends of elements across the period (i) atomic radius (ii) ionic radius
(ii) electron affinity

Solution
1(a) (i) The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of that substance, expressed in grams per
mole.
(Ii) The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains the number of carbon atoms in exactly
12 g of carbon-12 and consists of Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10 23) of atoms of carbon-12
(III) One mole of all gaseous substances at 273 K and 1 atm pressure occupies a volume equal to 22.4
liter or 22,400 ml. The unit of molar volume is liter per mole or milliliter per mole.

5(a) Alkali metals and halogens do not occur free in nature because they are very reactive. They occur in
a combined state
5(b) Halogens are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid
and Iodine and astatine are solids. Halogens are very reactive, the reactivity decreases from fluorine to
astatine. Halogens do not exist in elemental form in nature.
6(a) are placed in different blocks of periodic table and study about them so that you can get some idea
about the classification of s, p, d and f-block elements in periodic table.
Complete step by step answer:
The elements in the long form of periodic table are classified into four blocks. They are s, p, d and f-block
elements. The classification is based on the name of orbitals which receive the last electron.
The elements in which the valence shell electron enters the s-orbital are called s-block elements. For
example let us take sodium. The electronic configuration of sodium is 1s22s22p63s1. From the electronic
configuration we can conclude that the last electron enters the s-subshell. The elements in which the
valence shell electron enters the p-orbital are called p-block elements. For example the electronic
configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2, in this the last electron enters the p-subshell.Similarly the elements
in which the valence shell electron enters the d and f-orbitals then they are called as d and f-block
elements respectively
6(b) (i) the atomic radius decreases as we move from left to right in a period and it increases when we go
down a group
(ii) The ionization energy of the elements within a period generally increases from left to right. This is
due to valence shell stability. The ionization energy of the elements within a group generally decreases
from top to bottom.
(III) Electron affinity refers to the amount of energy that is liberated whenever a molecule or a neutral
atom tends to acquire an electron from the other elements.
Electron affinity increases from left to right within a period. This is caused by the decrease in atomic
radius. Electron affinity decreases from top to bottom within a group. This is caused by the increase in
atomic radius.
(iv) Valency is the combining power of an element. Elements in the same group of the periodic table have
the same valency. The valency of an element is related to how many electrons are in the outer shell. The
noble gases have the valency 0 as they do not usually combine with other elements.
Valency first increases and then decreases as we go from left to right in a period but remains the same in a
group
7 (I) They are always univalent because after losing one electron, they acquire nearest inert gas
configuration.
(Ii) The alkali metals have only one valence electron in their highest-energy orbitals (ns1). In their
respective periods, they are the largest elements and have the lowest ionization energies. The valence
electron is easily lost, forming an ion with a +1 charge
(III) Alkali Metals act as strong reducing agents, this is because alkali metals have only one valence
electron in their valence shell which they can easily lose and attain nearest noble gas configuration and
become more stable than they were earlier.
(Iv) Alkali metals have the lowest ionization energy in each period and this is because they are having the
largest atomic size in their respective period. The valence electron in large size atoms are held loosely by
the nucleus and can be lost easily
7(b) (I) Atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group.
(II) Ionic radius decreases moving from left to right across a row or period
(III) Electron affinity increases from left to right within a period