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Fallacies in Reasoning

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Joyce Rodanillo Lovenario
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23 views

Fallacies in Reasoning

Uploaded by

Joyce Rodanillo Lovenario
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fallacies in

Reasoning
At the end of this lesson, students can:
i. Illustrate what sound reasoning is;
ii. Distinguish the different types of
fallacies from one another; and
iii. Identify fallacies used in
advertisement
Before you learn about the different fallacies used in
reasoning, you need to know the meaning of sound
reasoning.
What will you do in each situation?

a. You noticed that your favorite cup is at the edge of


the table. You will
___________________________________________
__________
b. You smell smoke coming from the kitchen where you
are cooking a cup of rice for an hour now. You will
___________________________________________
_____________________
Sound reasoning
Sound reasoning' is reasoning that follows logic
and can be easily understood by readers or an
audience.
There are two well known types of sound
reasoning:

Deductive Reasoning

Inductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning is a basic form of valid reasoning.
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts out with a
general statement, or hypothesis, and examines the
possibilities to reach a specific or logical conclusion.  
Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning is the opposite of
deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning
makes broad generalizations from
specific observations.
A fallacy in reasoning makes an
argument false or unreliable. Here are
few most common fallacies in reasoning.
Bandwagon Fallacy
The bandwagon fallacy is also sometimes called the appeal to
common belief or appeal to the masses because it’s all about
getting people to do or think something because “everyone else
is doing it” or “everything else thinks this.”
Hasty Generalization Fallacy
The hasty generalization
fallacy is sometimes called
the over-
generalization fallacy. It is
basically making a claim
based on evidence that it
just too small. Essentially,
you can’t make a claim and
say that something is true if
you have only an example or
two as evidence.
Red Herring
This fallacy consists in
diverting attention
from the real issue by
focusing instead on
an issue having only a
surface relevance to
the first.
Attack on a person
this fallacy occurs when, instead of addressing
someone's argument or position, you irrelevantly
attack the person or some aspect of the person who is
making the argument. The fallacious attack can also be
direct to membership in a group or institution
either–or fallacy
a type of informal fallacy or persuasive technique
in which an argument is constructed so as to
imply the necessity of choosing one of only two
alternatives
Activity 1:
SEARCH ONLINE FOR FIVE TV COMMERCIALS. Identify the
fallacies used in advertising the products and explain how the
fallacies were used. Use this table to present your answer.

Type of product How the URL


Fallacy fallacy was
used

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