PLATED AND ELECTROPLATED SILVER MARKS OF FRANCE DOUBL�, PLAQU�E, METAL, METAL BLANC, M�TAL ARGENT� -L - O- |
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created by Giorgio B. owner of www.silvercollection.it �  |
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French solid silver is characterized by series of hallmarks and the presence of the maker's mark in a lozenge/diamond-shaped cartouche. On plated metal a square or rectangular cartouche is used for maker's mark. From 1797 the mark of the "m�tal plaqu�", equivalent to British "Old Sheffield Plate", was a square or rectangular cartouche containing: - the initials of the maker - the word "DOUBL�" or "PLAQU�" - the figure indicating the quantity of silver (optional) The thickness of silver was indicated by a number followed by a small "E", "M" or "EM", as abbreviation of Dixi�me (Tenth). The number represented the percentage of silver relative to the base metal (higher numbers are indicative of the poorest quality of plating) |
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From 1860, to differentiate the "m�tal plaqu�" from the "argenture par d�p�t �lectrolytique", equivalent to British EPNS (Electro Plated Nickel Silver), were used square marks containing: - the initials of the maker and the figure indicating the quantity of silver |
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- the initials of the maker, a symbol and the figure indicating the quantity of silver |
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- the initials of the maker and a symbol accompanied by another cartouche containing the figure of the silver content |
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Sometimes they are accompanied by additional marks with the inscription "METAL" or "METAL BLANC" (WHITE METAL) |
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M�TAL ARGENT� |
| To strengthen consumer protection, the French Parliament voted on July 1, 1983 a law which reformed the Guarantee and codified the conditions of silver hallmarking. In this context it was decided to measure the thickness of silver deposited on the entire surface and to institute minimum standard thicknesses for silverplate. The old mark expressed in grams, which is not compulsory, remains in use. Often it indicates silver weights greater than the new imposed standards. The new square hallmark (applicable from August 1984) therefore guarantees the thickness of the silver layer deposited on the item. The POIN�ON CARR� is the official mark for "m�tal argent�". It is a square containing: - I or II, identifying the first or second quality of manufacture - a symbol identifying the maker - the initials of the maker 
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These are the requirements to be allowed to use the "POIN�ON CARR�" mark and "m�tal argent�" denomination (plating thickness is measured in Micrometers: a micron is one thousandth of a millimeter or 0.001mm). 
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NUMBERS IN FRENCH SILVERPLATE |
| The meaning of numbers in French silverplate marks has changed over time: 1797 - c. 1860 number accompanied by "E", "M" or "EM" (meaning Dixi�me / tenth) in the upper right corner. This number is the percentage of silver used to plate the copper ingot (plating was made using the system known in the UK as "Old Sheffield Plate") c. 1860 - 1983 number alone or accompanied by "G" or "GR". This is the number of grams of silver used to plate a single item or a dozen of spoons or forks (referred to the process of silver electroplating which has supplanted the OSP system) after 1983 "Roman" numbers I or II in a corner. This number identifies the first or second quality of "m�tal argent�". The quality of the plating is determined by the microns of silver present on the item (a micron is one thousandth of a millimetre or 0.001mm). |
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FRENCH SILVERPLATE MARKS DIRECTORY BY INITIALS/SYMBOLS DIRECTORY BY NAMES MAKER'S MARK INITIAL: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z - |
FRENCH SILVERPLATE MAKERS' MARKS |
 L and a seated lion / un lion assis 
Grands Magasins du Louvre, rue de Marengo, Paris, a retail business active from 1855
L&S and an anchor / une ancre 
Maker not identified
LA and a symbol / un symbole 
Auzolle L�opold, Paris, active 1885-1905
LC and two crossed cutlery / deux couverts crois�s 
Maker not identified
LCF under a crown, into an araldic shield / sous une couronne, dans un bouclier araldique 
Le Couvert Francais
LEMAITRE & RIDOUX 
Lemaitre & Ridoux, 18 boulevard Voltaire, Paris, founded in 1861
LF and a two interlaced L / deux L entrelac�s 
Lenain & Fils, 16 rue Dupetit-Thouars, Paris, 1920-1929
LL and a crown over a star / une couronne, une �toile au-dessus LL and a crown / une couronne L&L and a crown / une couronne 
Lamy & Lacroix, 40 rue Meslay (later 36, rue de Bondy), Paris. Partnership of Aim� Lamy (1819-1889) and Elie Lacroix, active 1858-1881. Parisian branch of Lamy & Lacroix, foundry in Morez, Jura
LL Vve and two crossed oars / deux rames en croix 
Lambert L�onie, 187 rue du Temple, Paris active from 1904successor to Lambert L�on (1881-1904) LM and a three leaf clover with two stars / un tr�fle � trois feuilles avec deux �toiles 
Legros Marius, 16 rue du Pontaux Choux (1906) and 62 rue Charlot (1915), Paris
LMP into an oval 
L�vy, Martin & Plainchault, 16 rue Pierre-Lev�e, Paris
LP and a horse's head / une t�te de cheval 
Philippe Louis, 112 rue du Temple, Paris, active c. 1926, succeeding to Alfred Philippe
LR and crossed spoon and forks over a star / cuill�re et fourchettes crois�es sur une �toile 
Ravinet Louis, (1854-1925), succeeded to E. Tonnelier in 1882. In 1891 entered in partnership with Charles D'Enfert (1865-1960) in a company under the style Ravinet D'Enfert (see mark RD)
LR and two palms, three stars above, four stars below / deux palmes, trois �toiles au-dessus, quatre �toiles en dessous 
Maker not identified (mark probably linked to Robert Louis)
LR and a wing, a palm, three stars above, four stars below / une aile, une palme, trois �toiles au-dessus, quatre �toiles en dessous 
Robert Louis, 7 rue du Temple, Paris, active c. 1917
LS and a hunting horn / un cor de chasse 
Schooman Louis, 90 rue d'Angoul�me and 9 impasse de la Baleine, Paris, active from 1921
LUTETIA 
Lutetia, a 1910s/1920s line of Orf�vrerie Ercuis
LUX and two terrestrial globes and an anchor / deux globes terrestes et une ancre 
Soci�t� Fran�aise d'Alliage de M�taux, 9 faubourg Poissoni�re, Paris. Factory at Bornet (Oise)
LV intertwined / entrelac�s 
Vuitton Louis, 70 Champs-Elys�e, Paris
 MANUFre FRANCse NICKEL PUR and a boar / un sanglier 
Manufacture fran�aise de Nickel Massif Pur
M B and a deer head / un t�te de cerf 
Bietrix Marc, 51 rue de Lafayette, Paris, active from 1946MB and a symbol / un symbole 
Maison Barra
MB radiant sun forming the O and capped by a moon / soleil rayonnant formant le O et coiff� d'une lune M.F.B.O. into a sun / dans un soleil 
Maison BautzManufacture Fran�aise d'Orf�vrerie Maison Bautz , 3 rue de Portefoin, Paris, active c. 1900 M BARR� and a shamrock / un trefle 
Barr� Marcel, 114 rue de Turenne, Paris, active 1919-after 1931succeeded to Edmond Molle MD and an anvil / un enclume 
M�gemond Joseph & Charles Deneux, 3 passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, active 1863-1888
M GOUAILLE and a star / M. Gouaille et une �toile 
Gouaille Maurice, 13 rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, Paris, active after 1922
MINERVA and head of Minerva into a shield / t�te de Minerve dans un blason 
Soci�t� Fran�aise du M�tal Minerva Clair & CieLager E.P. Manufacture d'Orf�vrerie Metal-Blanc ML and a daisy / une marguerite 
Lesage Marc, 25 rue Michel-le-Comte, Paris, active from 1920
MM and an ear / une oreille 
Maker not identified
MPR and a sword, two anchors and sacred heart / une �p�e, deux ancres et un coeur sacr� 
Poussielgue Rusand Maurice , (1861-1933). Owner of Maison Poussielgue Rusand Fils, 5 rue Cassette, Paris, the company was active until 1963
 N&A and a crank / un tour 
Noury Jules & Allain Edmond, 10 and 14 rue de Oberkampf, Paris, active from 1921
N&C and a bee / une abeille 
Nivard & Couillard, 102 rue de St.Lazarre (Caurier, agent), Paris and Sourdeval, Manche, Basse-Normandie (factory). Active c. 1900
NB and a windmill / un moulin � vent 
Bourgeois Nicolas, 37 rue Volta, Paris, active c. 1900
NC and a cock and three stars / un coq et trois �toiles 
Collet No�l, 68 rue Victor Hugo � Puteaux, active c.1922 POIN�ON CARR� adopted after 1983  O and an oil lamp / une lampe 
Maison Odiot, Paris, founded in 1690O and an oil lamp / une lampe OB and a five-pointed star in a triangle / une �toile � cinq branches dans a triangle 
Orf�vrerie Brossier L�on, 86 rue des Archives, Paris, active c. 1903Successors of Maison Brunet, founded 1840 OC and a rising sun over a star / un soleil levant, une �toile au dessou 
Olier & Caron, 39 rue de Turbigo, Paris, active c. 1910-1936
OC and a chess horse / un cheval d'�checs 
Orf�vrerie Christofle, Gallia collectionThe "crown mark" (couronne) might correspond to the collection Gombault Desclerc acquired by Halphen and returned to Christofle with the acquisition of Halphen by Christofle. The "crown mark" was used from 1939 to 1960 (information courtesy Katharina Becker). 
 OE and a centaur / un centaure
Orf�vrerie Ercuis, founded in 1867 by Adrien C�leste Pillon. From 2015 the company is under the control of the Italian group Sambonet Paderno
the new POIN�ON CARR� adopted after 1983 by Orf�vrerie Ercuis to mark the "m�tal argent�" OE and LUTETIA into a crowned shield / LUTETIA en �cu couronn�
Lutetia, a 1910s/1920s line of Orf�vrerie ErcuisOL and statue of liberty or a symbol / statue de la Libert� ou un symbole 
Orf�vrerie Liberty, 2 Rue de l'Orgerie, Ch�teau-Gontier-sur-Mayenne, active 1928 - presentOP and a pot and a horseshoe / un pot et un fer � cheval 
Orf�vrerie Pot fer, 16 rue de Crussol, Paris, active from 1944
ORF�VRERIE GALLIA and a rooster within a shield / un coq dans un bouclier 
Orf�vrerie Gallia a trade mark of Christofle
ORVAL inside a square / � l'int�rieur d'un carr� 
maker not identified
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FRENCH SILVERPLATE MARKS DIRECTORY BY INITIALS/SYMBOLS DIRECTORY BY NAMES MAKER'S MARK INITIAL: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z - |
DIRECTORY OF FRENCH SILVERSMITHS HALLMARKS
REPERTOIRE DES ORFEVRES FRANCAIS AA AH B CA CG D EA EJ F GA GH HA HG I JA JH K LA LH MA MH N O PA PH Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
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This is a page of A Small Collection of Antique Silver and Objects of vertu, a 1500 pages richly illustrated website offering all you need to know about antique silver, sterling silver, silverplate, sheffield plate, electroplate silver, silverware, flatware, tea services and tea complements, marks and hallmarks, articles, books, auction catalogs, famous silversmiths (Tiffany, Gorham, Jensen, Elkington, WMF, Reed & Barton, Mappin & Webb, Bateman Family), history, oddities ... SITE MAP SILVER DICTIONARY |
