This title seems inaccurate. The article makes it sound like the data is just retrieved, from Microsoft, when using a specific editor. OSM doesn’t actually have the data nor are they are distributing it.
Exactly. The title is pretty bad. All they are doing is displaying the data in one particular editor. It's like displaying google streetmaps in another window when you edited open streetmaps - there is no "contribution" of data at all.
This is not true. What you described would violate Google’s copyright on their mapping data (or the copyright owner they’ve licensed it from, depending on the data).
this +100000. The huge-ness of this contribution to making openstreetmap better is underscored by the fact that you're not allowed to do this with Google Street View (Section 10) https://developers.google.com/maps/terms