Do Nobel-caliber work, and die before the award is given.
There have been so many great potential laureates who have gone unrecognized by society at large because entropy caught up to them before the Nobel committee got around to them.
Those who immediately come to mind: Debbie Jin and Ron Drever.
She was deceased by the time the Nobel was awarded. (She died of cancer in '58; the Nobel was in '62.) That's not to say that she wouldn't have lost out on the three-recipients rule being female, but being dead is an automatic disqualification.
There have been so many great potential laureates who have gone unrecognized by society at large because entropy caught up to them before the Nobel committee got around to them.
Those who immediately come to mind: Debbie Jin and Ron Drever.