I see a bunch of claims, but is this actually illegal in the US? More specifically, is it illegal to selectively advertise a job provided that the business doesn't profile during actual hiring?
If I post job listings in upper-class white neighborhoods only, would that be illegal?
What if I had one ad that targeted men and another which targeted women? What if the male version was designed to be successful while the female version was designed to discourage response?
Yes, USA laws require that jobs be advertised on a nondiscriminatory basis.
https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/practices/index.cfm is a decent summary. All the examples you provide would be illegal. As the provided example states "For example, an employer's reliance on word-of-mouth recruitment by its mostly Hispanic work force may violate the law if the result is that almost all new hires are Hispanic."
If I post job listings in upper-class white neighborhoods only, would that be illegal?
What if I had one ad that targeted men and another which targeted women? What if the male version was designed to be successful while the female version was designed to discourage response?