For data science, we've seen things from looking at disability claims appeals of Veterans and how those are handled, to looking for anomalies and malicious attacks on login.gov, to looking at Medicare payments and how to improve that process.
The data that the government has is often smaller scale than industry, but it usually represents people who are genuinely in need of help.
It's a really remarkable window of time right now to make government work better for the public using technology and design.