2, 3 and 4 are not Standard Model problems, but cosmological problems. There are cosmological theories that explain them by using only General Relativity without any changes to particle physics. For example, you can check out Nick Gorkavyi's cosmological papers:

https://pos.sissa.it/335/039/

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/476/1/1384/4848298

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/461/3/2929/2608669

https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10218

https://www.sao.ru/Doc-k8/Science/Public/Bulletin/Vol76/N3/A... (this one is available only in Russian for now)