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> What Manindra Agrawal, Neeraj Kayal and Nitin Saxena showed is that checking whether a given (binary) number is prime is in P.

Wow this confused the hell out of me because I thought, isn't the sieve of eratosthenes already below polynomial time? But from what I read, while the sieve of eratosthenes is sub-polynomial relative to the magnitude of the input, the AKS method is polynomial time relative to the length of the input in binary representation (aka the number of binary digits).




You're far from the first person to be confused by this, if it helps.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-polynomial_time


That's funny because "most" NP-complete problems are pseudo-polynomial, because a simple exponential problem is O(e^polynomial), so log of that is polynomial.

But people forget that natural numbers are just data, and that data can be interpreted at a a natural number.




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