>Cold air is denser. Pushing it out of the way saps more energy
ICE mpg tends to drop in cold weather, but this isn’t why. It’s usually because it takes longer to reach optimal operating temp or due to changes in fuel composition. Cold air can produce more drag but that problem exists irrespective of ICE or EV.
The pumping efficiency is unaffected as any losses on the exhaust side will be offset by increased pressure on the intake side.
ICE mpg tends to drop in cold weather, but this isn’t why. It’s usually because it takes longer to reach optimal operating temp or due to changes in fuel composition. Cold air can produce more drag but that problem exists irrespective of ICE or EV.
The pumping efficiency is unaffected as any losses on the exhaust side will be offset by increased pressure on the intake side.