I like the second-order effect here, of measuring how people TALK about the outage to measure the outage.

Have a read of:

“Is my Internet down?”: Sifting through User-Affecting Outages with Google Trends Ege Cem Kırcı, Martin Vahlensieck, and Laurent Vanbever IMC '22

which is also discussed on PING (podcast at APNIC) and on the APNIC blog (disclaimer: I helped publish this)

https://blog.apnic.net/2023/02/10/towards-a-systematic-user-...

https://blubrry.com/ping_podcast/93464445/is-my-internet-dow...