I'm recounting second hand so can't source anything but here is an SLBM test done in 2021 by a sub off of Florida, and it landed in the South Atlantic. So they must have several different ranges, and possibly it's changed over time.
Generally the logic is don’t launch on trajectories over land unless you have to. I believe all of the land based is ICBMs are still tested from vandenberg on the (most beautiful section of) California coast near Lompoc for the same reason. Vandenberg doesn’t have any deployed ICBMs, they all fly to kwaj for testing. Same reason nasa/spacex/seemingly everyone but China make it a goal to not have launches go over populated areas.
https://missilethreat.csis.org/us-navy-test-fires-trident-ii...