So far as I can find the last time Congress bothered to pass a budget was 2016 with the prior one in 2010.
The government has been funding itself instead with “continuing resolutions” which pretty much just continue spending as the prior year modulo marginal changes. Incidentally this is why federal deficits have exploded since 2010: the financial crisis “one time” trillion dollar stimulus has been continued every year since.
It was about three months late, but they passed it. This year's is currently at least about four months late, and the federal government is currently operating under a continuing resolution that will expire in March. However, full-year continuing resolutions are rare: the budget bills are usually passed, but passed late.
The government has been funding itself instead with “continuing resolutions” which pretty much just continue spending as the prior year modulo marginal changes. Incidentally this is why federal deficits have exploded since 2010: the financial crisis “one time” trillion dollar stimulus has been continued every year since.