How is it even a violation if it's outside the US? Argentina is an independent country. US laws do not apply there.
I'm sure the random person violates a number of laws of Iran and/or other autocratic countries with one's online comments. Should these countries serve up extradition papers for them?
There are many international intellectual property agreements which effectively make one country's copyright laws apply in another country. For example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIPS_Agreement
While I agree many copyright laws are broken in many ways, this sort of agreement is also what makes the GPL of source code copyright holders enforceable in other countries.
Chinese GPL violators were a big deal in 3D printing a few years ago, with many companies not releasing their 3D printer firmware source based off the Marlin GPL software.
It's been a while since I followed that but it's apparently got real legal precedent now, with a Chinese court fining a local GPL violator: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000040661920/en
Generally if your victims are in a country, other (friendly) countries will arrest and extradite you if the crime is serious enough to justify the effort. There is no "world police" that forbid countries from prosecuting crimes committed outside their borders. A lot of it boils down to how friendly the two countries are with each other, and how serious they view the crime.
What I'm saying is that there was no law of the US that was even violated within the jurisdiction of the US. This is different from incidents of hacking where US assets get attacked. As such, the I.P. charges seem entirely baseless to me.
The extradition treaty applies only if a crime is actually committed in a jurisdiction where it is a crime. I do not see this here.
I'm sure the random person violates a number of laws of Iran and/or other autocratic countries with one's online comments. Should these countries serve up extradition papers for them?