I am not sure what the thought experiment is here — it is more like two facts, one about the Planck scale (and things break there) and the other about a black hole (its information is proportional to its surface).
However, there are deeper things around. Seth Lloyd suggested that we use information density to derive general relativity from quantum theory:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6559
Not only are these not thought experiments by most definitions, this is also not really an article by most definitions. It's as if the author had a few interesting yet unrelated thoughts, scribbled them down and covered up for the lack of depth with fancy illustrations and transitions.
They're not unrelated thoughts. The author is describing current mysteries in physics related to the edges of what we could theoretically measure.
The article actually seems clear and straightforward to me. I'd only add that I wish there were links at the end regarding what scientists are proposing right now for resolving those mysteries.
However, there are deeper things around. Seth Lloyd suggested that we use information density to derive general relativity from quantum theory: https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6559