Depends on the object receiving the heat. Walk outside in bearfoot in summer. You will soon notice some surfaces are way hotter than others. This depends on how efficiently heat can transfer. Convection, radiation, conduction I think are the 3 ways.
The air temp is heated by the sun, those surfaces then the atmosphere is preventing heat escaping. A lot going into that 120F!
That is why things like climate change and urban heat islands don't need a closer sun.
Indeed. The Moon's surface temperature swings between 250F and -208F and it's essentially the same distance from the Sun as Earth is. The wild swings happen because the Moon has no atmosphere.
The air temp is heated by the sun, those surfaces then the atmosphere is preventing heat escaping. A lot going into that 120F!
That is why things like climate change and urban heat islands don't need a closer sun.