It's not a law. If human civilization goes extinct, no more "scientific truths" will be discovered. Or an authoritarian society could gain total control (perhaps with robotics), and for whatever reason, they decide to ban some fact and mandate that everyone be taught the lie.
But scientific truths have a tendency to be adopted that falsehoods don't because truths are verified by other truths, whereas falsehoods contradict them. A lie can only be so large before it becomes self-contradictory, the truth is incomprehensibly large yet coherent.
If quantum mechanics has problems, as we do more experiments, we'll encounter these problems more and more, until eventually they can no longer be overshadowed. I predict quantum mechanics will never be entirely thrown out, but it will end up as a simplified approximation of a more complex "true" model; which is still taught in schools and used wherever extra accuracy isn't needed, like classical mechanics is today.
I think Max Planck's quote matters in practice too. In theory, you can discover a "scientific truth" and be recognized for it, but only long after your death, and only after someone re-discovered it (i.e. you didn't advance scientific knowledge at all).
However, most people aren't particularly unique, which means that if you discover something, chances are others have discovered it, or are at least close enough that you can easily convince them. You may not be able to convince the dominant "in-group", but if your idea is obvious enough (which it probably is if it's true and you managed to discover it), you can form an "out-group", which will grow as the idea gets verified (by truths) far more often than contradicted (by lies, because there are less of the latter, since a lie can only be so large without being self-contradictory).
Why do science in the first place? If your only goal is to predict something, you're doing it for yourself, so do "Science 1" and listen to others, but only to correct yourself. If your only goal is status, the truth doesn't matter to you, so do "Science 2" and make others happy. If your goal is to further scientific knowledge, I recommend you do both with preference for "Science 1": prioritize being correct, but explain your idea very well and make others happy when possible without sacrificing correctness (diplomacy).
It's important to note that when you can't change the majority's factual belief, you should really evaluate your own, because usually in such cases you're the one whose wrong. But otherwise: when you can't change others beliefs, the next best thing is to (as much as possible) not care what they believe, even if they are the majority.
>If quantum mechanics has problems, as we do more experiments, we'll encounter these problems more and more, u
This is non sequitur. If you do more experiments, you'll encounter it. But if there were such a wrong theory that everyone insisted was correct, it's not necessarily the case that more experiments will occur. I can't do an experiment to invalidate... quantum mechanics is in a regime where anything less than hundreds of thousands of dollars does not even get you started (never mind the lacking expertise). It's also unlikely to be financially lucrative in the timespans that would entice an investor (especially one averse to pissing off the status quo, as most are). By doling out the grant money (or not) to those people who will preserve the status quo, one could let the false theory survive for decades or even centuries.
We seem to have this mythology of science from a past era, where some maverick can just bust in and start embarrassing people with unignorable truths. If ever there was such a time it exists no more. The stakes have never been lower, trillions won't be lost if we get quantum mechanics wrong. Thousands won't die in a quantum mechanics accident that could have been avoided. The problems could persist indefinitely.
It's true that a false theory can survive indefinitely, especially if it doesn't have real-world impact. Classical physics survived for centuries before being disproven by modern physics, because the differences are subtle except in extreme circumstances. Maybe quantum physics is accurate enough that the circumstances for non-negligible differences between it and "the truth" are so extreme, we never test them, therefore it's never disproven.
However, right now people are spending large amounts of money to build quantum chips. They're not explicitly trying to disprove quantum physics, but implicitly testing it through their experiments. And if these tests suggest that quantum physics has fundamental issues, they'll investigate, at least so if they realize quantum chips are impossible, they stop spending money trying to build them.
Quantum physics is too basic for any experiment to not test it. Like the other poster said, all the truths are linked together in physics and math especially.
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If quantum mechanics has problems, as we do more experiments, we'll encounter these problems more and more, until eventually they can no longer be overshadowed.
The problem is rather that a lot of physicists tend to "hand-wave away" that existing problems (like "what is a measurement?" and "sudden collapse of the wave function") actually are problems in the theory, i.e. that we don't have "the theory is basically correct (as evidenced by lots of experiments that were done), but these 'problems' are simply open, unanswered research questions".
They're problems when they matter experimentally. If quantum computers are failing because their qubits keep getting measured, the companies building them will spend a lot of money to discover why, which will refine our definition of "measurement" at least in that context.
I'm an industrial physicist. I've noticed that physicists, and the general public, often have different ideas about what problems we should be versed in. And people are surprised when they learn that most physicists are not theoreticians. Were it up to the public, we'd all be working on warp drive, infinite energy, and explaining quantum mechanics. ;-)
We all learned about the problems in both undergraduate and graduate training, and in discussions and readings. I attended a lecture about it by John Bell. I was excited about it, but I also had an experiment to finish.
I think physics is utterly unique in having a theory with seemingly infallible predictive power and zero explanatory power. But if someone asks me about it in the lunch room, all I can do is shrug it off. The fact that this paradox hasn't stopped us dead in our tracks, in 100 years, that's the problem.
> I'm an industrial physicist. I've noticed that physicists, and the general public, often have different ideas about what problems we should be versed in.
Rather say: you have studied physics, but what you actually work on and are interested in is engineering. :-)
Addendum: Just to be very clear: there is nothing wrong with being exciting about engineering problems from industry.
Actually, I'm a scientist, not an engineer. I don't want to be an engineer. I realize we're outnumbered by engineers, and many people have never met a physicist. My parents were both industrial scientists too. We exist. There's a general sense that while there's some overlap, scientists and engineers are not the same, and may even think differently.
But scientific truths have a tendency to be adopted that falsehoods don't because truths are verified by other truths, whereas falsehoods contradict them. A lie can only be so large before it becomes self-contradictory, the truth is incomprehensibly large yet coherent.
If quantum mechanics has problems, as we do more experiments, we'll encounter these problems more and more, until eventually they can no longer be overshadowed. I predict quantum mechanics will never be entirely thrown out, but it will end up as a simplified approximation of a more complex "true" model; which is still taught in schools and used wherever extra accuracy isn't needed, like classical mechanics is today.
I think Max Planck's quote matters in practice too. In theory, you can discover a "scientific truth" and be recognized for it, but only long after your death, and only after someone re-discovered it (i.e. you didn't advance scientific knowledge at all).
However, most people aren't particularly unique, which means that if you discover something, chances are others have discovered it, or are at least close enough that you can easily convince them. You may not be able to convince the dominant "in-group", but if your idea is obvious enough (which it probably is if it's true and you managed to discover it), you can form an "out-group", which will grow as the idea gets verified (by truths) far more often than contradicted (by lies, because there are less of the latter, since a lie can only be so large without being self-contradictory).
Why do science in the first place? If your only goal is to predict something, you're doing it for yourself, so do "Science 1" and listen to others, but only to correct yourself. If your only goal is status, the truth doesn't matter to you, so do "Science 2" and make others happy. If your goal is to further scientific knowledge, I recommend you do both with preference for "Science 1": prioritize being correct, but explain your idea very well and make others happy when possible without sacrificing correctness (diplomacy).
It's important to note that when you can't change the majority's factual belief, you should really evaluate your own, because usually in such cases you're the one whose wrong. But otherwise: when you can't change others beliefs, the next best thing is to (as much as possible) not care what they believe, even if they are the majority.