The recommendations in other replies to your post look good.
If you grew up hearing certain sounds, it will usually be easy for you to hear and produce those sounds, whether it's the sounds of Arabic, click languages, or English (as native speakers of Chinese or Japanese know wrt the sounds made by 'l' and 'r'). Infants hear all the distinctions, but they tend to lose the ability as their brain learns their first language (or first and second in bilingual homes). To some extent you can, however, pick up the distinctions up to around puberty. And adults who have studied phonetics (all the sounds used by all the languages of the world) can generally learn to hear and produce those as well.
Writing systems generally do not change the spoken language, as evidenced by the way English is written, which bears only some relationship to the spoken language (and often only to the way English was spoken hundreds of years ago).
In order to to learn another language, linguists study phonetics (as mentioned above), as well as phonology, morphology, syntax etc. I can say from experience that these help. I don't think I'd call these subjects "neuroscientific", just linguistic.
If you grew up hearing certain sounds, it will usually be easy for you to hear and produce those sounds, whether it's the sounds of Arabic, click languages, or English (as native speakers of Chinese or Japanese know wrt the sounds made by 'l' and 'r'). Infants hear all the distinctions, but they tend to lose the ability as their brain learns their first language (or first and second in bilingual homes). To some extent you can, however, pick up the distinctions up to around puberty. And adults who have studied phonetics (all the sounds used by all the languages of the world) can generally learn to hear and produce those as well.
Writing systems generally do not change the spoken language, as evidenced by the way English is written, which bears only some relationship to the spoken language (and often only to the way English was spoken hundreds of years ago).
In order to to learn another language, linguists study phonetics (as mentioned above), as well as phonology, morphology, syntax etc. I can say from experience that these help. I don't think I'd call these subjects "neuroscientific", just linguistic.