One of the main hypotheses is that concurrent release of neurotransmitters can cause dopamine to be reabsorbed into serotonin vesicles where the 'wrong' MAO enzyme breaks it down, releasing hydrogen peroxide.
Another hypothesis is that the human serotonin systems, specifically the prefrontal cortex, are relatively young and not evolved to take a beating, unlike the 'fight-and-flight'-related dopamine systems.
One indication that this might be the case is differences between people that use amphetamine regularly through nasal or oral routes compared to people using MDMA in a similar manner, where the latter group typically suffers more obvious neuronal damage faster. Amphetamine needs to be taken at very high doses to affect the serotonin transporter, so you'd typically see this in users mainlining lots of it.
As far as I know you don't see the same mental and neuronal risk profile with e.g. 6-APB and similar benzofurans that David Nichols lab produced in the nineties, as with MDMA. They are also not as subjectively rewarding and 'fun' as MDMA, indicating that the dopamine release plays an important part in this regard.
'The dose makes the poison' is usually credited to Paracelsus, late 1400s, early 1500s. Whether he should be considered wise is a matter of debate, Francis Bacon disagreed and argued against Paracelsus and the rosicrucians that did consider him to be.
Edit: Should probably add that methamphetamine is a much more potent serotonergic agent than amphetamine, and in some societies 'amphetamine' or 'amphetamines' tend to actually mean meth because that's what's available to them.
Someone else said that all amphetamines are likely to be neurotoxic the same way MDMA is. I responded that they don't have to be.
Why did you take this as an invitation to do a purely theoretical exercise in listing possible mechanisms for neurotoxicity? At the very least you ought to have anchored your reasoning in actual risky MDMA use, what people actually do, instead of just ranting out words that could scare a layperson. I.e. behaviours that are common, like combining MDMA with alcohol, or dopaminergic psychedelics like LSD and 2C-B, or forgetting to drink water, or whatever that isn't pseudo-academic stuff like 'sped up redox cycling of dopamine quinones'.
I also think you should have taken the time to show that you have an understanding of why millions of people disagree with you. In my opinion it would also be prudent to compare the risks you see with other neuronal risks, like living in an environment with ICE exhausts or having kids and suffering sleep deprivation for years on end or just plain old poverty. The latter is shown to, on average, have detrimental effects on the brain that can be clearly visible in medical examinations, unlike sporadic, responsible use of MDMA.
Another hypothesis is that the human serotonin systems, specifically the prefrontal cortex, are relatively young and not evolved to take a beating, unlike the 'fight-and-flight'-related dopamine systems.
One indication that this might be the case is differences between people that use amphetamine regularly through nasal or oral routes compared to people using MDMA in a similar manner, where the latter group typically suffers more obvious neuronal damage faster. Amphetamine needs to be taken at very high doses to affect the serotonin transporter, so you'd typically see this in users mainlining lots of it.
As far as I know you don't see the same mental and neuronal risk profile with e.g. 6-APB and similar benzofurans that David Nichols lab produced in the nineties, as with MDMA. They are also not as subjectively rewarding and 'fun' as MDMA, indicating that the dopamine release plays an important part in this regard.
'The dose makes the poison' is usually credited to Paracelsus, late 1400s, early 1500s. Whether he should be considered wise is a matter of debate, Francis Bacon disagreed and argued against Paracelsus and the rosicrucians that did consider him to be.
Edit: Should probably add that methamphetamine is a much more potent serotonergic agent than amphetamine, and in some societies 'amphetamine' or 'amphetamines' tend to actually mean meth because that's what's available to them.