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I heard the ISI is also quasi independent, too.





Historically yes, but the new head of the ISI (Asim Malik) is a close confidant of Asim Munir.

The Balochistan Corp is quasi-independent as well, as they are the primary stakeholder in CPEC.

The Pakistani Armed Forces and Civilian Government have too many veto players, which means any attempt at normalization gets undermined by one of these players trying to maximize their own benefit.

It doesn't help that the Pakistani Armed Forces plays an outsized role in the economy, so individual services and even corps can become business competitors, making internal competition even fiercer.

A similar issue plagued the PLA before Xi era reforms began in 2012, and continue to plague the VPA (but was partially dulled by the SK and UK FTAs) .




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