All your variables are not 64-bit aligned. An array of 16-bit integers will generally use 16 bits (2 bytes) per integer. So will two or more subsequent integers in a struct. In general, variables smaller than the alignment of the CPU (but still power of two sizes) only need to be aligned to their own size.

> Why? Why aren't you use half-bytes also?

I actually use half-bytes when it makes sense; my language of choice has bit-vectors so I can use exactly the number of bits I desire.

> If all your pointers are 64-bit aligned, all your variables are 64-bit aligned and your processor isn't any faster processing 16-bit numbers - if it even have instructions to process those - than 64-bit numbers?

Maybe I have an array with at least 4 16-bit numbers? If I'm counting bits, then it already means I have a lot of numbers. If I have 2 billion numbers in the range [0,15] Then I can easily represent them in an array of 4 or 8 bit values, but will run into performance issues trying to do so (if I can at all) using a similar array of 64 bit values.

> If all your pointers are 64-bit aligned, all your variables are 64-bit aligned and your processor isn't any faster processing 16-bit numbers - if it even have instructions to process those - than 64-bit numbers

Memory bandwidth. If the processor can read a single 64-bit integer in a clock cycle, it can read 4 16-bit ones just as well. Memory is slower than the core.

Except that actually does apply to X86.

As an example with AVX instructions you can process 8 floats at the same time, compared to 4 doubles. So if float is enough for you you can expect double performance in either memory transfer bound or ideally vectorizable algorithms.

And in mobile computer graphics 16bit values are common.