Not really, you can ship native code on Android and, for Java apps, intermediate bytecode is delivered to end-user phones, not compiled in the cloud.

Windows Phone 8:

http://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Going+Deep/Mani-Ramaswamy-and...

Windows Phone 10:

http://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Going+Deep/Inside-NET-Native

As for Android, having ART on the phone is technicality, given the platform fragmentation Google rather leaves to the OEMs the task of making ART generating the proper code.