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Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 3, Chapter 31: the prison—discipline debates in Tremont Temple.—1846-1847. (search)
at Philadelphia. The Boston Prison Discipline Society was founded in 1825, at a time when the discussion as to the merits of the two systems had begun. Early in its existence its reports, prepared by its secretary, Rev. Louis Dwight, 1793-1854. declared a positive preference for the Auburn method, and treated the rival one in an unfriendly and captious spirit. Among letters to Sumner which objected to the temper of the secretary's reports were those from Rev. C. A. Bartol and Dr. James Jackson. The board of managers rendered little more than a nominal service, and Mr. Dwight, the only salaried officer, became practically the Society. He had been educated for the ministry, but did not assume the charge of a parish. His natural ability was moderate and his culture limited; he was better fitted to serve prisoners as a chaplain than to deal with the complex questions of prison discipline. A German writer Dr. Varrentrap criticised his too free use of religious phrases in hi
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 3, Chapter 32: the annexation of Texas.—the Mexican War.—Winthrop and Sumner.—1845-1847. (search)
Chapter 32: the annexation of Texas.—the Mexican War.—Winthrop and Sumner.—1845-1847. The annexation of Texas, plotted during Jackson's Administration, obstructed by Van Buren's, and consummated by Tyler's, was in its origin and at every step a conspiracy of the aggressive and fanatical partisans of slavery to consolidate their power in the national government, and to strengthen and perpetuate their institution. It was one of the three great victories in our history won by the slaveholders over a feeble-spirited and submissive North. Texas was, indeed, a territory which might well be coveted by a people and race distinguished by a passion for empire, already fed by acquisitions from France and Spain. It was imperial in extent, fortunate in position, rejoicing in marvellous fertility, commanding the Gulf of mexico, and assuring military and commercial advantages; Sumner, in a letter to his brother George, Sept. 30, 1845, admitted that the material interests of the country m<
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 3, Chapter 35: Massachusetts and the compromise.—Sumner chosen senator.—1850-1851. (search)
Adams's Biography of Dana. p. 286. The Compromise was promptly approved in a public letter to him, signed by several hundreds of the most conspicuous citizens, Boston Courier, April 3, 1850; Boston Advertiser, April 3. The last—named newspaper, by a slip of the pen, called the signers Mr. Webster's retainers.—among them merchants like Eliot, Perkins, Fearing, Appleton, Haven, Amory, Sturgis, Thayer, and Hooper; lawyers like Choate, Lunt, B. R. Curtis, and G. T. Curtis; physicians like Jackson and Bigelow; scholars like Ticknor, Everett, Prescott, Sparks, Holmes, and Felton; divines like Moses Stuart and Leonard Woods. Its passage was signalized by the firing of one hundred guns on the Common. Webster's partisans, such was their intensity of feeling, very soon obtained the mastery of the Whig organization of the city, and compelled dissenters to submit to the nominations they dictated. The proprietors of the Atlas opposed the Compromise while it was pending, but maintained d
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 3, Chapter 36: first session in Congress.—welcome to Kossuth.—public lands in the West.—the Fugitive Slave Law.—1851-1852. (search)
triots and martyrs of history, all the fathers of the republic, are with me. Sir, there is no attribute of God which does not take part against this Act. Encountering the objection that the Supreme Court had declared in the Prigg case the power of Congress to legislate for the reclamation of fugitive slaves, and conceding that the decision might be entitled to weight as a rule for the judiciary, he affirmed that as a legislator performing an independent duty he adopted the rule of President Jackson's memorable veto, avowing his right and duty to interpret the Constitution as he understood it, and not as it was understood by others. He maintained that as Congress had no powers which the Constitution had not delegated, it had none to legislate on the subject of fugitive slaves, The antislavery statesmen at this time, including Sumner himself, applied to the Constitution a rigid rule of construction which they did not adhere to in the period of the Civil War and that which follo
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 3, Chapter 40: outrages in Kansas.—speech on Kansas.—the Brooks assault.—1855-1856. (search)
ed by an eye-witness, James Freeman Clarke, in his Memorial and Biographical Sketches, pp. 101, 102. Sumner's call on Lydia Maria Child at this time is noted in her Letters, p. 88. He was able to ride on horseback, but otherwise passed most of his time on his bed. He slept better, though still wakeful, and gained flesh,—the result of his inactive life; but there was still the pressure on the head after fatigue or unusual effort of mind. He was treated by Dr. Perry in consultation with Dr. James Jackson, both of whom insisted on his continued abstinence from public effort and the excitement of Washington. Works, vol. IV. pp. 329, 342. They advised a journey to Europe, hoping that change of scene and distance from the contests in which he was longing to participate would have a salutary effect. Late in the year he formed the purpose to pass the vacation of Congress in Europe. Finding himself unable to go to Washington at the beginning of December, he postponed taking his seat til