J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge, M. Grant Daniell, Commentary on Caesar's Gallic War

Figures from the text

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Figures 1 to 3.

Figure 1. Caesar. Bust in the Museum of the Louvre.

Figure 2. Map of Gaul.

Figure 3. Campaign map of B.C. 58.

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Figures 4 to 7.

Figure 4. Two coins of Caesar. (1) Obverse: head of Venus. Reverse: Aeneas with Anchises and the palladium. CAESAR. (2) Obverse: head of Venus. Reverse: trophy and captives. CAESAR.

Figure 5. Pas de l'Ecluse (looking down stream).

Figure 6. Map of Helvetia.

Figure 7. Junction of the Rhone and Saone (looking south).

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Figures 8 to 13.

Figure 8. Coin of Piso. Obverse: head of a youth with winged diadem; behind, a star and crown; before, a simpulum. Reverse: M. PISO. M[arci] F[ilius] FRUGI; a patera and a secespita, inclosed within a laurel wreath.

Figure 9. Coin of Cassius. Obverse: head of Apollo with sceptre behind. Reverse: Q. CASSIUS. Eagle resting on a thunderbolt, between a lituus and a praefericulum.

Figure 10. Loading boats with supplies.

Figure 11. Gallic remains.

Figure 12. Cavalryman charging. Gravestone in Mainz.

Figure 13. Cavalryman with vexillum. Col. of M. Aurelius.

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Figures 14 to 19.

Figure 14. Soldiers marching with packs (sarcinae).

Figure 15. Roman javelins (pita).

Figure 16. Plan of battle with the Helvetii.

Figure 17. Roman swords.

Figure 18. View of Besancon (Vesontio). From a drawing.

Figure 19. C. Marius. Impression of a coin.

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Figures 20 to 24.

Figure 20. View of the fortress of Belfort.

Figure 21. Coin of the Fabian family. Obverse: ROMA Q. MAX. Laurelled head of Apollo, lyre in front. Reverse: horn of plenty filled with fruits; thunderbolts; the whole in a wreath of grain ears and poppy.

Figure 22. Map of the campaign with Ariovistus.

Figure 23. Soldiers attacked while encamping.

Figure 24. Ostheim, looking towards Zellenberg.

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Figures 25 to 26.

Figure 25. Plan of battle with Ariovistus.

Figure 26. Campaign map of B.C. 57.

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Figures 27 to 31.

Figure 27. Writing materials: atramentarium (for black and red ink); papyrus letter sealed and addressed (M LVCRETIO FLAM[ini] MARTIS DECVRIONI POMPEI[s]); diptycha (folding tablet), stilus, and erasing knife. Wall painting.

Figure 28. Gaul with trumpet. Restoration from carvings on the Arc de Triomphe at Orange.

Figure 29. Coin of Diviciacus, king of the Suessiones.

Figure 30. Slinger (funditor).

Figure 31. Berry au Bac.

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Figures 32 to 38.

Figure 32. Battle on the Aisne.

Figure 33. Vinea or Testudo.

Figure 34. Hautmont.

Figure 35. Defeat of the Nervii.

Figure 36. Lituus.

Figure 37. Tuba.

Figure 38. Cornu.

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Figures 39 to 45.

Figure 39. Aquilifer.

Figure 40. Centurio.

Figure 41. Citadel of Namur.

Figure 42. Siege of the stronghold of the Aduatuci.

Figure 43. Siege works.

Figure 44. Gallic coins. (1) Obverse: a Gaul running. with torch in one hand and torque (?) in the other. Reverse: bear (?). (2) Obverse: ox.head. Reverse: bear of the Helvetii. Fleury. (3) (4) Of uncertain interpretation. Some modification of the human head is seen. also the form of a horse or boar, with ornaments.

Figure 45. Shipbuilder. Grave relief (Ravenna).

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Figures 46 to 50.

Figure 46. Map of Octodurus.

Figure 47. Caesar. Bust in the British Museum.

Figure 48. Galley. From the Praeneste relief.

Figure 49. Map of the Veneti neighborhood. Altered from modern map.

Figure 50. View at the mouth of the Loire.

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Figures 51 to 55.

Figure 51. Roman battle ship. Wall painting at Pompeii.

Figure 52. Trading vessel. Ancient relief.

Figure 53. Gallic sword.blade. Museum at Namur.

Figure 54. Soldiers making camp.

Figure 55. Pack-wagons and carts. Col. of M. Aurelius.

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Figures 56 to 58.

Figure 56. Campaign map of B.C. 55-53.

Figure 57. Coins of Caesar. (1) Obverse: head of Venus. Reverse: trophy of Gallic arms. CAESAR. (2) Obverse: veiled head of Pietas. CAESAR CO[n]S[ul]TER. Reverse :lituus, praefericulum, and axe. A[ulus] HIRTIUS PR[aefectus].

Figure 58. Scenery on the Meuse.

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Figures 59 to 64.

Figure 59. Bridge.

Figure 60. Cliffs of Dover. Shakespeare's Cliff.

Figure 61. Catapults. Modern restoration.

Figure 62. Anchor and tackle. Arc de Triomphe at Orange.

Figure 63. Soldiers foraging.

Figure 64. Gallic coin.

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Figures 65 to 70.

Figure 65. Map of campaigns in Britain.

Figure 66. British coins. (1) Obverse: ear of grain. CAMV[lodunum]. Reverse: prancing horse, CVNO[belinus] (the Cymbeline of Shakespeare). (2) Obverse: unexplained devices. Reverse: horse. TASCOVIANUS.

Figure 67. Boulogne.

Figure 68. Testudo.

Figure 69. Soldiers building camp. with guards.

Figure 70. Signa Militaria.

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Figures 71 to 78.

Figure 71. Roman Transports.

Figure 72. Coin of L. Plancus. Obverse: bust of Victory. CAES[ar]. DIC[tator]TER. Reverse: a praefericulum. L. PLANC[us]. PRAEF(ectus).

Figure 73. Hollow square. Col. of M. Aurelius.

Figure 74. Roman camp assaulted.

Figure 75. Ballista. Modern restoration.

Figure 76. Gallic coin. Obverse: human figure seated. Reverse: bear, serpent. and stars.

Figure 77. Gallic torques. Museum at Namur.

Figure 78. Caesar. Bust in the Naples Museum.

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Figures 79 to 83.

Figure 79. Gallic chief. Museum at Avignon.

Figure 80. Bridge. Model in the Museum of St. Germain.

Figure 81. Gallic coin.

Figure 82. Gallic coins. LVCOTI (Paris ?); human eye in profile, supposed to symbolize the sun.

Figure 83. Statue of Ambiorix at Tongres.

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Figures 84 to 88.

Figure 84. Sacrifice in camp. Military band (Cornicines).

Figure 85. Soldiers marching in presence of the Imperator.

Figure 86. Chain mail. Fragment found at Mainz.

Figure 87. Helmets.

Figure 88. Campaign map of B.C. 52.

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Figures 89 to 96.

Figure 89. Coin of Brutus and Albinus. Obverse: head of Mars. Reverse: ALBINVS BRVTI F[ilius]. Two Gallic trumpets crossed, oval and round shields.

Figure 90. Siege of Avaricum.

Figure 91. Bourges.

Figure 92. View of siege works.

Figure 93. Plan of siege works.

Figure 94. Gallic wall. Model in the Museum of St. Germain, slightly restored from existing remains at Murcens.

Figure 95. Scorpio. Modern restoration.

Figure 96. Coin of the Bituriges. Obverse: beardless male head. Reverse: galloping horse, flying eagle above; below three circles. ABVDOS (name of chief?).

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Figures 97 to 100.

Figure 97. Siege of Gergovia.

Figure 98. Care of the wounded.

Figure 99. Expeditio Labieni.

Figure 100. Defeat of Vercingetorix at the Vingeanne.

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Figures 101 to 105.

Figure 101 Alise Ste. Reine (Alesia).

Figure 102. Siege of Alesia.

Figure 103. View of Caesar's line of works before Alesia. Model in the Museum of St. Germain.

Figure 104. Light-armed soldier.

Figure 105. Archer.

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Figures 106 to 108.

Figure 106. Statue of Vercingetorix. Erected at Alesia by order of Napoleon III. Designed by Bartholdi.

Figure 107. The legionary.

Figure 108. Coin of Caesar. Obverse: head of Augustus. IMP [erator] CAESAR DIVI F [ilius] III(trium) VIR ITER[um] R[ei] P[ublicae] C[onstituendae]. Reverse: Julius Caesar standing in a temple. DIVO IVL[io]. Star and altar. CO[n] S[ul] ITER[um] ET TER DESIG[natus].