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These expounders are away from the original Rock—

Away from Republican tenets—away from the organic laws of the people—away from the faith of the fathers, and away from the doctrines of the publicists. They seem never to have comprehended the system aimed at. Montesquieu and Vattel, who guided our fathers in federalizing, held that liberty and self-government were only possible in small societies, while the size and strength and the stability needed among nations is to be attained by their uniting themselves into a ‘Confederate Republic,’ or ‘Republic of Republics.’ It was numerous commonwealths, or self-governing peoples, united in one system, that the founders contemplated; and the extension of ‘the area of freedom’ over America was to be Federal, and not National. ‘ New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union,’ tells the whole grand story of the ocean-bounded ‘Republic of Republics.’ And the States showed that they adhered to and consummated the federalizing plan, by declaring unanimously in their Convention, as we have seen, that ‘the style of this government shall be the United States of America.’ The people ‘established’ a perpetual, voluntary union of States—a Republic of Republics. ‘Nation,’ indeed! It simply means revolution, empire, and subject peoples everywhere!

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Montesquieu (1)
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