Archaeology

The Galapagos Islands, a hotspot of ecological richness, face challenging climatic and development conditions which undermine regional water security. Yet, the way by which these conditions may change in the future is highly uncertain. In this study, we applied for the first time an uncertainty-based approach in the Galapagos Islands to understand thresholds and potential scenarios of risks to water security of agricultural catchments in the Galapagos Island. We applied a water systems model to the agricultural catchments as well as climate and land use scenarios to estimate physical changes in water availability and implications for drought and extreme flow thresholds. Our results highlight the key role of baseflow and its important sensitivity to precipitation changes in determining water security states in the Islands. In fact, a decrease in just about 25% of total water flows, from historical conditions, in the Islands would drive drought conditions resembling those of the emerg...

In the wake of the post-Covid-19 challenges affecting tourism and education, this study delves into the growing importance of virtual museum applications as a means of cultural heritage learning. Focusing on the Sarawak Cultural Village (SCV) application, the research explores user perceptions, media availability, and demands related to virtual museums. Utilizing a case study approach involving Sarawakians at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, the investigation evaluates their perception of the SCV application and provides recommendations for its enhancement. Notably, all responses indicate agreement with the significance of virtual museums for cultural heritage learning, with a minimum mean score of 3.95. The findings underscore the value of virtual museums in disseminating cultural heritage knowledge within the local context. The study recommends enriching the SCV application with multimedia elements, such as 3D models, animations, and videos, along with clear operational instructions. Furthermore, it suggests incorporating assessment features to reinforce learning. These recommendations are anchored in an established user experience model aiming to deliver a seamless user experience for local cultural heritage content, particularly within the "virtual tour" section in SCV.

Knowledge of the meaning contained in the Molulo dance performance relating to the context of the local cultural values of the Tolaki Tribe in Konawe Regency is contained in the floor pattern in this case a circular formation that contains a meaning based on "Kalo Sara" as a cultural symbol of the Tolaki tribe. The purpose of the study is to increase knowledge that there is a philosophy of life of the Tolaki tribe in the Molulo dance which is still maintained today. The descriptive method used by this study is to collect interview data, observation, and documentation. So that Lulo traditional dance by the Tolaki tribal community has a meaning related to local cultural values ranging from the form of movement of the position of hands and feet, the shape of the floor pattern, the displacement of dancers, and the change of dancers has a symbolic meaning in daily life by the Tolaki tribal community symbolized "Kalo sara" which is a circle pattern in the form of hand ...

Gender Studies in Archaeology and other scientific domains have stressed, over the last three decades, that Women, as much as men, have also developed an important role in all scientific subjects, but the awareness of this fact is far from having the same impact and recognition as the achievements of their male colleagues.

This article wants to emphasize the important work of two Women Archaeologists from the United Kingdom - Dorothy Garrod and Gertrude Caton-Thompson - who developed the main part of their work until the first half of the 20th century. The third case study will present a remarkable Portuguese medievalista - Virgínia Rau - who wanted to be archaeologist, but couldn’t achieve her aim.

In order to understand the scientific work of these three women, the geographical, social and economic context of their backgrounds will be described, to help understanding their exceptional scientific work.

The rice yield gap (YG) is a global concern, requiring more detailed studies spatially and temporally. As a staple food in Indonesia, rice was produced from 7.4 Mha paddy fields in 2019. Better insight into the YG helps assess measures to boost rice production. However, the information on YG variation among regions scale is limited. This study aimed to identify the rice YG based on 295 historical trial datasets from 23 provinces in Indonesia. We surveyed published trial results from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed YGs, expressed as the percentage of farmer yield (FY). The potential yield (PY) was estimated from field trial results using introduced rice cultivation technology package, whereas FY from results using existing farmer practices. Our study showed that the average YG was 62% in rainfed, 54% in tidal, and 32% in irrigated paddy fields. The YG was significantly high in the paddy fields of Kalimantan (74%) and Maluku-Papua (49%), while the lowest was in Sulawesi (27%) and Java (31%). The YG varied significantly with geo-regions, rice varieties, and cultivation technology packages. Closing the YG and ensuring sustainable rice production requires the implementation of sustainable intensification through applying site-specific technology packages, reallocation of agricultural interventions to a higher YG region, and rice variety improvement to increase PY.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as análises integradas e interdisciplinares que foram realizadas no sítio Sampaio, município de Felício dos Santos, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um abrigo sob rocha implantado em média vertente na bacia do Rio Araçuaí, nordeste do estado, em meio ao bioma do Cerrado. Escavado pela equipe do Laboratório de Arqueologia e Estudo da Paisagem (LAEP/UFVJM), nele foi exumado um importante conjunto artefatual lítico, além da identificação de várias estruturas de combustão, sendo que a estrutura 03 obteve cronologia de 4280 ± 30 anos A.P., data de suma importância para as discussões acerca das ocupações humanas no Planalto Central Brasileiro. Além disso, o sítio apresenta um conjunto rupestre significativo, com temática geralmente associada à tradição Planalto de Arte Rupestre. Assim, o texto irá discutir os resultados das análises do sítio arqueológico (das prospecções, escavação e atividades laboratoriais), apresentando dados geoambientais region...

Ceramics of the Tupiguarani Tradition typically have in common the burning characteristics, their forms and decoration motifs. Dating such ceramic pieces with the radiocarbon method indicate that these artifacts were probably handcrafted between 1,500 and 500 years before the present. Fragments ceramic utensils were collected in the archaeological site of Beltrão, in the municipality of Corinto, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A fragment of about 50 mm in diameter and 15 mm thick, with a color gradation across the ceramic wall ranging from red, on one side, grayish, in the middle, and orange, on the opposite side, was selected for a more detailed examination. The fragment was transversely cut and a series of subsamples were separated from different points along the piece wall, in layer segments of ∼3 mm. All subsamples were analyzed with Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature and 80 K. Results reveal that hematite is the magnetically ordered phase. A Fe 2+ component (relative spectral area, 50 %) appears for the grayish subsample. According to these first results, the red subsample seems to be the side that had direct contact with fire used to burn the precursor clay in air. The grayish middle layer is probably due to the clay mixed with some ashes. Mössbauer data reveal that the orange layer, corresponding to the opposite side of the ceramic relatively to the direct fire, does contain about the same Fe 2+ :Fe 3+ ratio but much lower proportion of α-Fe 2 O 3 than the red layer.

Las estructuras del complejo arqueológico Ventarrón Collud ocupan un área de más de 300 hectáreas del valle de Lambayeque, que rodea el Cerro Ventarrón, en la margen derecha del río Reque. En su vertiente occidental se encuentran los sitios arqueológicos Huaca Ventarrón y Collud-Zarpán, que están a menos de un kilómetro de distancia. En conjunto, las estructuras de este complejo forman una de las secuencias estratigráficas más extensas conocidas en la arqueología andina central (4600 a 500 A.P). Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir sobre estas estructuras a partir de la hipótesis de que los humanos se apropian de la fisiografía regional más allá de la materialidad, observando signos que se leen e interpretan (los marcos sociogeográficos), y desde este momento se establecen los lugares utilizados a largo plazo (los lugares persistentes).The structures of the Ventarrón Collud archaeological complex occupy an area of over 300 hectares of the Lambayeque Valley, surrounding the Ven...

In an article coauthored in interview format, the authors introduce open-access practices in an anthropological context. Complementing the other essays in this special section on open access, on the occasion of Cultural Anthropology’s move to one version of the gold open access business model, the focus here is on practical information needed by publishing cultural anthropologists. Despite this limitation, the authors work to touch on the ethical and political contexts of open access. They argue for a critical anthropology of scholarly communication (inclusive of scholarly publishing), one that brings the kinds of engaged analysis for which Cultural Anthropology is particularly well known to bear on this vital aspect of knowledge production, circulation, and valuation.

Tras el signifi cativo aumento de la información generada en relación con el mundo funerario de época islámica en Córdoba en los últimos años, planteamos para este trabajo un doble objetivo: realizar una actualización de dichos datos y empezar a plantear nuevas cuestiones o líneas de investigación referidas, por un lado, a la confi guración de las áreas cementeriales en relación con la topografía urbana, y por otro, a las propias características internas de estos espacios. Grâce à l'abondante information générée à l'égard du monde funeraire de l'époque islamique corduenne au cours des dernières années quel'on a établi un doble but pour ce travail: réaliser une actualisation de ces données et commencer à poser des nouvelles lignes de recherché. Les nouvelles lignes feront allusion d'une part à la confi guration des aires occupées par les cimitières et leurs rapports avec la topographie urbaine, et d´une autre part aux propres caractéristiques de ces espaces.

This article illustrates in an anecdotal way the impact of digitalisation on international family law. Specifically, it explores the part that digital technologies have played in the expansion of cross-border assisted reproduction, with a particular focus on cross-border surrogacy arrangements. It then examines the interface between international parental child abduction and facial recognition technologies. The EU approach to the use of AI-powered facial recognition technologies is explained, before considering the potential utility of facial recognition technologies in the specific context of international parental child abduction.

In this research, we examine environmental education in the context of Moroccan secondary schools, focusing on the field of physics teaching. Our investigation is based on an analysis of empirical observations provided by physics teachers. To this end, a structured questionnaire was administered to 120 physics teachers from various high schools located in the academic area of Fez-Meknes in Morocco. The results clearly underline the importance of assimilating environmental education principles in the teaching of physics. This environmental education clearly favors the cultivation of students' inclination and disposition towards the subject. In addition, the questionnaire data also provide enlightening indications in favor of integrating environmental education paradigms into the didactic apparatus of physics-related knowledge in secondary education. This integration promises to develop sustainable skills in students, galvanizing their capacity to adopt environmentally friendly be...

Science teaching in today’s schools has important scientific implications for attracting students and ensuring continuous, sustainable, and successful schooling, across the different components of the education system. These implications are mainly linked to the development of scientific literacy among all students. The present work highlights the interest of Moroccan secondary school students in physics as an important discipline in the science field. The main objective of this research is to explore the changing interest of these students by identifying environmental education and the mathematization of physics as an important scientific context in learning the discipline. To achieve this goal, we conducted an empirical study among students in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. The results showed that exploring the mathematization of physics can develop students’ interest in the discipline. In addition, the engagement of physics with environmental education will influence favorably...

Purpose -The purpose of current study was to examine the role of smart farming through artificial intelligence (AI) (Data Integration; Machine Learning; Sensor Technologies; Image Processing and Computer Vision; Decision Support Systems and Scalability and Adaptability) in controlling pest and disease detection in agriculture. Methodology/ Design / Approach -Quantitative methodology was adopted and a questionnaire was self-administered online by ( ) agricultural engineers working in private agricultural institutions in Jordan that are subject to the laws of the Jordanian Ministry of Agriculture. SPSS was employed in order to screen and analyze primary data. Results indicated an R-value (0.963) and an overall variance of 92.7%. In addition to that, among the chosen sub-variables of study, results revealed that scalability and adaptability scored that highest influence on disease detection and control with (r = 0.961) and an overall variance of 92.4%. Study recommended the necessity of training and qualifying agricultural staff to use modern agricultural technology and artificial intelligence. Originality -The originality of the current study lies in its application within the Jordanian environment. In addition, there weren't direct studies that took into perspective the idea of smart farming through AI and its uses in pests and disease detection and control in crops. Implications -The implications of current study stems from its ability to present the AI potentials to enhance food production, increase the efficiency of agricultural materials that would be a source in guaranteeing food security, and create job opportunities for individuals in this sector.

Debido a la poca atencion prestada a la arquitectura de tierra prehispanica en Mexico, en comparacion con la de piedra, se considera oportuno realizar un primer ejercicio de sintesis para entender el origen y desarrollo de las importantes tradiciones presentes en el pais, a partir del estudio de los sistemas constructivos de basamentos y edificios de caracter publico, donde se pueden apreciar las estrategias y tecnicas de arquitectura mas elaboradas y que generalmente se perdieron al momento de la conquista espanola. Se definen dos tradiciones: la mesoamericana y la del noroeste de Mexico. La primera parece originarse en el segundo milenio antes de Cristo en las tierras bajas de tropico humedo del Istmo mexicano, predominando el uso de tierra apisonada y adobe. Esta cultura constructiva se diversifica en una tradicion costera y otra del altiplano semiarido (que incluye el uso de bases de piedra y recubrimientos de cal), una impactando a las areas mesoamericanas de Centroamerica en G...

Introducción E l presente texto tiene como objetivo central exponer las acciones de conservación realizadas recientemente en el sitio conocido con el nombre de La Joya, en la costa central del estado de Veracruz, México, con miras a su puesta en valor y eventual apertura al público. Los datos que se exponen se obtuvieron a partir de diversas etapas del trabajo arqueológico 1 que la primera auto ra ha llevado a cabo desde 2004, a raíz de la destrucción que ha sufrido el sitio desde mediados del siglo xx. A esta información la precede una serie de estudios de prospección llevados a cabo en la costa veracruzana desde 1981 (Daneels 2002), en los que fue posible localizar, en un área de 1 200 km 2 , un total de 132 sitios con arquitectura hecha con tierra cruda que han sido fechados dentro del periodo Clásico mesoamericano, que corresponde al primer milenio de nuestra era. Con base en esta muestra se supone que en la región hay una enorme cantidad de sitios de condiciones similares, sobre los cuales existe muy escasa o nula información arquitectónica. Así, además de darnos a conocer parte del pasa do de esta zona, las excavaciones en La Joya abren la posibilidad de recuperar una serie de saberes constructivos fundados en el dominio de la edificación con barro crudo, que hicieron posible su aplicación en condiciones climatológicas sumamente adversas. Las estructuras que se han conservado durante casi 2 000 años se realizaron a partir de la transformación del suelo natural de la planicie costera del si), y siete meses por la Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, d.c. Éstas han continuado en el periodo 20092011 con financiamiento del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt), Fondo Institucional 90636 (2009), y papiit-dgapa/unam 405009 (2009-2011).

Traditional knowledge as a source of sustainable development is a research topic that generally falls in the realm of ethnology and social anthropology. Archaeology, on the other hand, can provide the longue durée perspective on past and sometimes lost traditions that may be significant as modern sustainable strategies. This paper presents archaeological cases of long-standing traditional knowledge in agriculture and construction in the humid tropical lowlands of the Mexican Gulf Coast, which were lost about AD 1000 through episodes of cultural conflict. The first case concerns the agricultural use of wetlands for the intensive production of commercial and subsistence crops (cotton and maize). The second case is monumental earthen architecture, including pyramids and palaces, apparently achieved by using petroleum derivatives as an earth stabilizer. Besides evidencing sustainable practices, archaeology also provides the economical and socio-political context in which such laborintensive strategies evolved and thrived for centuries. This context analysis allows costbenefit concerns to be approached, if the reintroduction of such alternative technologies were contemplated in a modern market-oriented world.

Mountainous environments are considered unique habitats with distinct ecosystem characteristics. Therefore, more studies must understand and characterize these habitats to improve their preservation. Therefore, this paper aims to characterize two mountainous areas in Central Brazil, Morraria do Urucum and Serra do Amolar to address a discussion about the 'Campos de Altitude' (altitude grasslands) vegetation above 700 m altitude. Differently from Serra do Amolar, Morraria do Urucum does not have Conservation Units in its territory, raising concerns related to its preservation. Actions are urgent to prevent the loss of mountainous biodiversity, but these must reflect ecological properties and successional processes and, therefore, allow adequate management practices.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

In this study, two new inscriptions preserved in the garden of Kalecik Municipality
in Kalecik District of Ankara Province are introduced. One of the inscriptions was
identified by the Anatolian Civilizations Museum during research conducted in Kalecik
in 2019 and was placed in the open-air display area in front of Kalecik Municipality. It is
the epitaph of Aurelius Helios, dated to 228 AD. This inscription identifies the previously
unknown village of Ōnoukōme and the region named ALEBONŌN (Alebona?) in
Kalecik. The second one is thought to be a supplication to God. The inscription contains
meaningless letter combinations used to capture the listener's attention in the invocation
to the father of the light repository part of Pistis Sophia, a Gnostic text dated to the 3rd-
4th centuries AD. Additionally, it includes expressions composed of these combinations
found in the magical texts believed to belong to Mithras, preserved in the National Library
of France, in a broad codex referred to as the Greek Magical Papyri, also dated to
the 3rd century AD.

Context and objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health problem and has mobilized many innovative means of diagnosis. The Central African Republic is not spared. The emergence of variants and their impact require health monitoring despite the obligation of vaccination. The purpose of this campaign was to determine the circulation of pending secondwave variants. Patients and Methods: A second mass screening campaign took place from 02 to 22 July 2021 in the main land and river entry points of Bangui (Exit North-PK12, Exit South-PK9, Port Beach) and at the LNBCSP. Antigenic and RT-PCR tests carried out on nasopharyngeal samples made it possible to select strains which were finally sequenced. Results: Of 2687 participants included in the study, 53 (1.97%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Thirteen (1.53%) were male and 40 (2.18%) female. The analyses carried out on the LumiraDx analyzer were positive for 109 samples against 53 on the

Akwansisi monoliths study provides a convergence of history and archaeology -two complementary disciplines. This is especially so for Nta Akwansisi which has a definite tradition of carved and uncarved monoliths in anthropormophic form commemorating past clan heads, the Ntoon Asiane or Ntoon Emang. Thirty-nine carved and uncarved monoliths in succession are named after previous clan heads from the duo communities of Etinghi-nta and Nnaborakpa. The duo communities represent the political and spiritual capitals of Nta kingdom and provide the kings of Nta in rotation thereby producing a dynasty which stretches back to antiquity. This heritage of stone carving which is fast facing extinction by human and ecological forces, has elicited the cupidity of scholars, researchers and visitors, each prying hard to establish a probable date for the stone culture, their carvers and also decipher other sign writings which appear on the monoliths. Relying on primary sources, preliminary examination attempts to establish that the present occupants, some of who claim autochthonous origins are fragments of an earlier civilization which flourished in prehistoric times. Nta kingdom commemorated their demise kings with a carved and uncarved monolith which stand in a particular burial site for the kings. A king list has been used to provide a relative date of 975 to 1050AD for the Akwansisi stones. The study recommends the methods of archaeology and other modern techniques to unravel the ambiguities surrounding this ancient heritage and also establish absolute dates for Akwansisi stones of Nta dynasty in the middle Cross River Region of Nigeria.

RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta o núcleo de nossa pesquisa de mestrado onde procuramos fazer um ensaio de interpretação sobre a forma e a função das estruturas romanas de Apollonia escavadas em conjunto entre as equipes israelense e brasileira do P r o j e t o A p o l l o n i a . UNITERMOS: Apollonia -Arqueologia Clássica -Império Romano -Projeto Apollonia -Província Palestina -Arquitetura -horreum -macellum -villa maritima. Visando identificar a natureza e função do edifício romano parcialmente escavado durante a primeira missão brasileira do Projeto Apollonia, 1 nos propomos nesta pesquisa a lançar bases para se estabelecer uma relação entre esta estrutura arquitetônica e a constituição e organização disciplinar do espaço urbano de Apollonia durante o período de ocupação romana na Província Palestina.2 Para tanto, efetuamos uma análise comparativa dos vestígios da estrutura em questão com edifícios de contextos comerciais e residenciais de outros sítios de ocupação romana na orla mediterrânea, tais como Óstia, Cesaréia Marítima, Thibilis e Pompéia. Primeiramente, optamos pela estratégia de comparação entre as estruturas escavadas em Apollonia durante a missão AP X II98 "A" com as de outros edifícios de contexto comercial de sítios romanos. Esta estratégia foi tomada devido ao fato de este edifício indicar, em uma primeira análise, um contexto de uso comercial, podendo ter sido um (*) Pesquisa vinculada ao P r o j e t o A p o l l o n i a , projeto de

Este trabalho apresenta o núcleo de nossa pesquisa de mestrado onde procuramos fazer um ensaio de interpretação sobre a forma e a função das estruturas romanas de Apollonia escavadas em conjunto entre as equipes israelense e brasileira do Projeto Apollonia.

Large, complex megalithic monuments erected in great numbers on the Atlantic coast and in northern Europe during the 4th‒2nd millennia BC have never been found in Hungary, and the architectural forms and decorative arts of passage and chamber tombs, dolmens, stone circles, and menhirs have not been linked to the archaeological heritage of the Carpathian Basin. This is what renders a stone stele, with engravings evoking some megaliths in western Europe, found near Kevermes in the southeastern Great Hungarian Plain so extraordinary. In this article, we report the results of our research related to this unique object to clarify the circumstances of its discovery, to examine the possibility of forgery, to specify the raw material and provenance of the stele, and to explore the original context. In our next paper, we will present detailed descriptions of the analytical results and discuss the interactions and networks that may have led to the appearance of the motifs on the Kevermes stel...

Resumen. En la actualidad, en las Islas Canarias se encuentran declarados 83 Bienes de Interés Cultural (BIC) con categoría de Zona Arqueológica (ZA). De ellos, 36 se encuentran en la isla de Gran Canaria, seguida por Tenerife con 27, Fuerteventura y La Palma con 5 zonas, el Hierro con 3, la Gomera con 2 y finalmente, Lanzarote con sólo una zona arqueológica. En este trabajo se reflejan algunas de las deficiencias en la gestión de este tipo de bienes, ocasionadas por el propio procedimiento de declaración, y que impiden una clara y fluida gestión del patrimonio arqueológico cuyo objetivo debería ser, a tenor de las más actuales tendencias en la gestión patrimonial, integrar, cohesionar y desarrollar social y económicamente los territorios. Para ello, se ha centrado el estudio en el análisis de la organización legal y administrativa en la gestión del patrimonio arqueológico, la política de autorizaciones de las intervenciones arqueológicas, la de protección reflejada en los BIC, la delimitación de áreas de protección y su conversión en parque arqueológico, lo que nos han ayudado a profundizar y mostrar el estado actual de los bienes arqueológicos canarios y avanzar en la evaluación y diagnóstico de la gestión del patrimonio arqueológico. Palabras clave: patrimonio arqueológico, ley, parques arqueológicos, Islas Canarias [en] Archaeological areas in the Canarian legislation on cultural heritage. Implications for the management of their protection Abstract. There are currently 83 declared Assets of Cultural Interest (BIC) with the category of Archaeological Zone (ZA) in the Canary Islands. Of these, 36 are on the island of Gran Canaria, followed by Tenerife with 27, Fuerteventura and La Palma with 5 zones, El Hierro with 3, La Gomera with 2 and finally, Lanzarote with only one archaeological zone. This work reflects some of the deficiencies in the management of this type of property, caused by the declaration procedure itself, and which prevent a clear and fluid management of archaeological heritage, the aim of which should be, according to the most current trends in heritage management, to integrate, cohere and develop the territories socially and economically. To this end, the study has focused on the analysis of the legal and administrative organisation in the management of archaeological heritage, the policy of authorisations for archaeological interventions, the protection reflected in the BICs, the delimitation of protection areas and their conversion into archaeological parks, which have helped us to study in depth and show the current state of Canarian archaeological assets and to make progress in the evaluation and diagnosis of the management of archaeological heritage.

This research delves into the integration of hybrid learning amidst digital disruption, targeting the reduction of learning gaps within PTKI (Islamic Higher Education Institutions) context. Utilizing a blend of quantitative analysis of student data and qualitative methods including interviews, surveys, and observations across three PTKIs in South Sumatra, Indonesia, the study evaluates the effectiveness of hybrid learning in mitigating learning loss. Results highlight that the combination of virtual and traditional classroom elements through hybrid learning significantly narrows learning deficits, enhances student involvement, and fosters better academic outcomes. These findings serve as a valuable contribution to understanding hybrid learning practices specifically within PTKI settings, shedding light on its potential in addressing educational challenges amid digital advancements.

The integrated planning of cities landscape and blue-green infrastructures (BGI) is an approach poised to play an increasingly positive role in climate change adaptation for the human population. Cities worldwide are rapidly expanding to accommodate the increasing urbanization. Phenomena including Urban Heat Island (UHI) and urban flooding are thus more likely – the occurrence and severity of which will be exacerbated by more extreme weather events. BGI offer a network of semi-natural engineering solutions for the sustainable mitigation of such threats to urban liveability. Scientists have developed scenario modeling tools capable of investigating either phenomenon. Yet their combination has been underexplored. In this study, we integrate, in a feedback loop, the inputs and outputs of two globally used BGI modeling tools (i.e., UrbanBEATS and TARGET) in one framework. UrbanBEATS allows us to optimally plan systems for managing stormwater quality and quantity based on user and policy...

Land management and forests are crucial to tackling the concurrent issues of sustainable food production and climate change. Conventional modern agriculture, converting forests and naturally vegetated landscapes to farms and rangelands, contributes significantly to elevate carbon in the atmosphere. Agroforestry systems offer potential for local communities to meet livelihood needs while simultaneously adapting to and mitigating climate change. Data from several studies conducted in nine districts of central Nepal between 2007 and 2017 were analyzed. Forests and agroforestry systems in three central Nepal districts had significantly higher total carbon stocks than agricultural soils (2-5 times) due to high above and below-ground biomass carbon and SOC stocks. The application of improved FYM compost, cattle urine and biochar in four districts increased average SOC by 2.75% over 6 years, translating to an increase of nearly 100 t ha À1 in SOC stock. Along with soil quality benefits, biochar and FYM compost improved the yields of soybean, potato, millet and Swertia chirayita yields which were significantly higher than in untreated plots. The flux of N 2 O was significantly lower in biochar-amended soil compared to non-biochar. Crop diversification incorporating high-value horticultural and medicinal crops enhance economic returns as indicated by higher benefit-cost ratios for vegetable and Swertia chirayita than for cereals.

A detailed Holocene sedimentological and geomorphological history of the sedimentary infill of Lake Conjola, a barrier estuary on the southeast coast of Australia, is presented. Results show that a remnant Last Interglacial barrier system is preserved in the mouth of a narrow incised valley. During the early stage of Holocene sedimentary infill, a laterally extensive transgressive sand facies was deposited as rising post-glacial sea-level breached remnants of the Last Interglacial barrier ca. 7500 cal BP. From 7500 to 4000 cal BP sediment continued to accumulate within the mouth of the incised valley, forming an extensive flood-tide delta within the drowned river estuary. Marine influences were restricted by further sediment accumulation at the mouth of the estuary, leading to the development of mid-Holocene barrier and back-barrier depositional environments. This research adds detail to stratigraphic models of the sedimentary infill and geomorphological evolution of barrier estuaries formed in narrow incised valley systems on the southeast coast of Australia, and provides a global model for estuarine deposition in regions that have been tectonically stable over the late Quaternary.

In the present work, more than one hundred and thirty lithic artefacts rediscovered in several archaeological sites dating from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages from Calabria (Southern Italy) were petroarchaeometrically characterised through minimally invasive techniques. In more detail, 110 specimens were found in the Grotta della Monaca site (Sant'Agata di Esaro), and the other 23 belong to a collection kept in the Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico "Luigi Pigorini" (Roma), coming from several localities (Longobucco, Spezzano della Sila, Cicala, Gimigliano, Roccaforte del Greco, and Bova). For preservation needs, 2 small axes in polished stone and 2 obsidians collected from Grotta della Monaca were analysed by absolutely non-destructive techniques. Optical and electron microscopic investigations, sometimes integrated with wavelengthdispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrometry, allowed us to ascertain that the source area of all the lithic tools was in Calabria, except for obsidians, which come from the island of Lipari (Messina, Southern Italy). For a small number of particularly favourable cases, it was possible to define with great precision the outcrop area of the used rocks given their textural and mineralogical features. The specific source area contained a pickaxe originating from Cetraro-Fuscaldo metabasalt (lawsonite-albite facies) outcrops and two small axes in polished stone, one derived from migmatitic metapelites from Palmi and the other from meta-ultramafic rocks from Curinga. The choice of the used lithologies, harder or softer, had to be linked to the use that humans had to make of the lithic artefacts.

Földünk természeti és környezeti állapota egyre válságosabb. Az eddigi érintetlen te rületeket mindinkább kiszorítja az ember térhódítása. Pusztulnak az élőhelyek, s velük számos növény és állatfaj is eltűnik örökre. A levegő, a víz, a talaj szennyezésének mér téke ökológiai katasztrófával fenyeget. Sürgős és gyökeres változásra van szükség a világról alkotott gondolkodásunkban, szokásainkban és cselekedeteinkben. Nem lehet célunk többé a természet legyőzése és kizsákmányolása. Tiszteletben kell tartanunk törvényeit, ha biztosítani akarjuk fenn maradását és egyben saját jövőnket. A korszerű környezeti nevelés leghatékonyabb módszereinek kidolgozása folyamat ban van. Az évek során szerzett tapasztalatok teszik majd teljessé, eredményességét pedig a gyakorlatban bekövetkezett változások igazolhatják. Az általam összeállított témajavaslat azon a tapasztalaton alapszik, amelyet többéves pedagógiai munkám során, a környezeti nevelés tantárgy kidolgozása közben, valamint a Zöld Szív ifjúsági természetvédő mozgalomban szerzett gyakorlat révén szereztem. Célom elsősorban az volt, hogy egy gyökeresen más szemléletű nemzedék felneve lését segítsem elő. Meggyőződésem, hogy a világ környezeti állapotának további rom lását csak egy természetszerető, a természet törvényeinek magát alárendelni tudó, a többi élőlényt egyenrangú társként elfogadó, azok jogait elismerő, a fejlődés fenntartha tósága helyett az élet fenntartásának lehetőségeit kutatógeneráció állíthatja meg. Ennek az elvnek rendeltem alá valamennyi témát, gyakorlatot és feladatot. A hagyományos módszereken nevelkedett szakemberek (pl.biológusok) valószínűleg nem értenek majd egyet számos nézetemmel (pl. ne szemléltessünk kitömött állatokkal stb.), ez azonban csak azt a véleményemet erősíti meg, hogy a felsőoktatásban is radikális változtatásra van szükség. Munkámat elsősorban azoknak a kollégáknak javaslom, akik készek egy egészen más oldalról megközelíteni a világról kialakított hagyományos nézeteket, s az új, környezetmegóvó gondolkodásmódot szeretnék átadni tanítványaiknak is. Ennek az összeállításnak az alapjául az a több évfolyamra kidolgozott és a gyakorlat ban kipróbált tanmenet szolgált, amelyet a környezeti nevelés tantárgy tanításához ké szítettem el. Ez a jelenlegi összeállítás ennek az anyagnak a témakörönkénti csoporto sítása, mely mintegy étlapként használható. Ki-ki tetszése szerint válogathat belőle saját, és környezetének igényei és lehetőségei szerint. Rendkívül fontos tehát, hogy a feladatokat minden pedagógus a saját igényei szerint dolgozza át, figyelembevéve a helyi adottságokat, s az általam összeállított anyagot csu pán ötletadó támaszként hasznosítsa. A szemléletformálást a legfogékonyabb korosztálynál, kisgyermekkorban kell elkez deni. Ez a tantárgy lehetőséget teremt a korszerű természet-és környezetvédelmi ismeretek elsajátíttatására, a természettel való kapcsolat elmélyítésére, értékeinek megbecsülésé re, érzelmi motivációk kialakítására.

-clés. Haut-Empire, Antiquité tardive, villa, établissement rural, cuisine, égout maçonné. Résumé. Une opération de fouille archéologique préventive d'une villa d'époque romaine a été réalisée en 2005 à Coste Deferne sur la commune du Puy-en-Velay (Haute-Loire, Auvergne). Cette opération a permis de mettre au jour, en périphérie méridionale de l'agglomération antique du Puy-en-Velay (Anicium), pour la première fois en territoire vellave, le plan complet d'une villa implantée dans le dernier tiers du i er s. apr. J.-C. et qui perdure aux iii e et iv e s. apr. J.-C. Différents aménagements de l'une des pièces de la partie résidentielle suggèrent la présence d'une cuisine dont les eaux usées sont évacuées par un égout maçonné bordant l'aile septentrionale.

Rapport de sondages et d'étude du bâti archéologiques Mars 2023 La tour-porte et le passage de la Carambelle Entrée fortifiée du village de La Caunette (Hérault) Florence Guillot (resp.), avec les travaux d'Emmanuel Garcia (Le chantier Lumineux), de Pascal Robert-Cols (ACCA) et de Marie-Élise Gardel Opération menée par Avec les travaux de : Emmanuel Garcia, architecte du Patrimoine -Le Chantier Lumineux Pascal Robert-Cols, architecte du Patrimoine -ACCA Marie-Élise Gardel, historienne et archéologue Opération réalisée pour la commune de La Caunette (34) dans le cadre d'une étude préalable à la restauration de la tour-porte

This paper argues four main points: 1) Polybius does not dwell on horrors of war, the insane chaos and unpredictable nature of battle, and terrifying experiences of rank-and-file soldiers in combat.  2) Warfare primarily interests him as a rational, chess-board affair, showcasing skills or weaknesses of power elites serving as field commanders.  3) While non-Greeks, such as Hannibal and Scipio Africanus, are masters of command, military science in Polybius’ narrative is mainly the preserve of Greeks, and he stresses that outnumbered possessors of Greek λογισμός have overcome vast numbers of mindless and impulsive barbarian hordes.  Romans, as honorary Greeks, can continue to do so if they will follow Polybius’ precepts. And (4), as intrusive, editorializing, first-person narrator, Polybius qua military scientist (we should remember that he wrote a lost Tactica), emerges as educator and advisor for elite Roman field generals who will read his history.

The phenomenon of aging has always fascinated mankind. However, concern for aging of population is a relatively new phenomenon, which has risen due to signicantly large increase in the number and proportions of aged persons in the society. World is aging and the world population is also been experiencing signicant ageing. This is primarily due to lower fertility in one side and on the other side it also reects a human success story in the form of a better way of living, between control of communicable and non-communicable diseases, emergence and acceptance of newer devices, drugs and interventions, all these resulting outcome of increased longevity of human being. Globally 10% of the world population is elderly & it is expected 1 to increase to 21% in the year 2051. In absolute numbers, it is likely to increase from current 600 million to 1.97 billion in 2 2051. According to the 2017 revision of the world population prospects is the twenty-fth round of ofcial United Nations population, which estimates that the world's population numbered approximately 7.6 billion in the middle of 2017. It represents that the world has added approximately one billion in habitants over the last twelve years. Sixty percent (60%) of the world's people live in Asia (4.5 billion), seventeen percent in Africa (1.3 billion), 10 percent in Europe (742 million), 9 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean (646 million), and the remaining 6 percent in northern America and (361 million) and Oceania (41 million) and India (1.3 billion) remain the to most populous countries of the world, 3 comprising 19 and 18 percent of the global total, recpectivley. According to the absolute size of elderly population, India is the second largest country in the world. As per available data, the elderly population is 76.2 million compared to 57 million in 1991. It constitutes 7.7% of its population. It has been projected that there will be 177 million elderly which constitute 14% of 4

Understanding the interplay between attachment style, emotional processing, and neural responses is crucial for comprehending the diverse ways individuals function socially and emotionally. While previous research has contributed to our knowledge of how attachment style influences emotional processing, there is still a gap in the literature when it comes to investigating emotional feedback using event-related potentials (ERPs) within a cognitive framework. This study aims to address this gap by examining the effects of attachment style and feedback valence on ERP components, specifically focusing on the P200 and P400. The findings reveal significant effects of attachment style and feedback valence on both components. In insecure attachment styles, noticeable shifts in relative energy are observed during the transition from negative to positive feedback for both the P200 and P400. Conversely, individuals with secure attachment styles exhibit minimal to moderate variations in relative energy, consistently maintaining a lower P200 energy level. Additionally, both secure and insecure individuals demonstrate heightened intensity in the P400 component in response to positive feedback. These findings underscore the influential role of attachment style in shaping emotional reactivity and regulation, emphasizing the significance of attachment theory in understanding individual differences in social and emotional functioning. This study provides novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of attachment style on emotional processing within the context of cognitive task performance. Future research should consider diverse participant samples, employ objective measures of attachment, and utilize longitudinal designs to further explore the neural processes associated with attachment.