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book:
BOOK I.
BOOK II. AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORLD AND THE ELEMENTS.
BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK IV. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR
FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK V.
AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VI. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES
WHO NOW EXIST, OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK VIII. THE NATURE OF THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS.
BOOK IX. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF FISHES.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XI. THE VARIOUS KINDS OF INSECTS.
BOOK XII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TREES
BOOK XIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF EXOTIC TREES, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF UNGUENTS.
BOOK XIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT TREES.
BOOK XV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT-TREES.
BOOK XVI. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XVII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XVIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAIN.
BOOK XIX.
THE NATURE AND CULTIVATION OF FLAX, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XXI.
AN ACCOUNT OF FLOWERS. AND THOSE USED FOR
CHAPLETS MORE PARTICULARLY.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXIII.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XXIV.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XXV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF WILD PLANT
BOOK XXVI.
A CONTINUATION OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM
PLANTS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PARTICULAR
DISEASES.
BOOK XXVII.
A DESCRIPTION OF PLANTS, AND OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THEM.
BOOK XXVIII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXIX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXX.
REMEDIES DERIEVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXXI.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE AQUATIC PRODUCTION
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
BOOK XXXIII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXIV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXV.
AN ACCOUNT OF PAINTINGS AND COLOURS.
BOOK XXXVI.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STONES.
BOOK XXXVII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES.
chapter:
CHAP. 1. (1.)—ELEPHANTS; THEIR CAPACITY.
CHAP. 2. (2.)—WHEN ELEPHANTS WERE FIRST PUT INTO HARNESS.
CHAP. 3. (3.)—THE DOCILITY OF THE ELEPHANT.
CHAP. 4.—WONDERFUL THINGS WHICH HAVE BEEN DONE BY THE ELEPHANT.
CHAP. 5. (4.)—THE INSTINCT OF WILD ANIMALS IN PERCEIVING DANGER.
CHAP. 6. (6.)—WHEN ELEPHANTS WERE FIRST SEEN IN ITALY.
CHAP. 7. (7.)—THE COMBATS OF ELEPHANTS.
CHAP. 8. (8.)—THE WAY IN WHICH ELEPHANTS ARE CAUGHT.
CHAP. 9. (9.)—THE METHOD BY WHICH THEY ARE TAMED.
CHAP. 10. (10.)—THE BIRTH OF THE ELEPHANT, AND OTHER PARTICULARS RESPECTING IT.
CHAP. 11. (11.)—IN WHAT COUNTRIES THE ELEPHANT IS FOUND; THE ANTIPATHY OF THE ELEPHANT AND THE DRAGON.
CHAP. 12. (12.)—THE SAGACITY OF THESE ANIMALS.
CHAP. 13. (13.)—DRAGONS.
CHAP. 14. (14.)—SERPENTS OF REMARKABLE SIZE.
CHAP. 15. (15.)—THE ANIMALS OF SCYTHIA; THE BISON.
CHAP. 16.—THE ANIMALS OF THE NORTH; THE ELK, THE ACHLIS, AND THE BONASUS.
CHAP. 17.—LIONS; HOW THEY ARE PRODUCED.
CHAP. 18.—THE DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LIONS.
CHAP. 19.—THE PECULIAR CHARACTER OF THE LION.
CHAP. 20.—WHO IT WAS THAT FIRST INTRODUCED COMBATS OF LIONS AT ROME, AND WHO HAS BROUGHT TOGETHER THE GREATEST NUMBER OF LIONS FOR THAT PURPOSE.
CHAP. 21.—WONDERFUL FEATS PERFORMED BY LIONS.
CHAP. 22.—A MAN RECOGNIZED AND SAVED BY A DRAGON.
CHAP. 23.—PANTHERS.
CHAP. 24.—THE DECREE OF THE SENATE, AND LAWS RESPECTING AFRICAN ANIMALS; WHO FIRST BROUGHT THEM TO ROME, AND WHO BROUGHT THE GREATEST NUMBER OF THEM.
CHAP. 25.—TIGERS: WHEN FIRST SEEN AT ROME; THEIR NATURE.
CHAP. 26.—CAMELS:
THE DIFFERENT KINDS.
CHAP. 27.—THE CAMELEOPARD; WHEN IT WAS FIRST SEEN AT ROME.
CHAP. 28. (19.)—THE CHAMA, AND THE CEPUS.
CHAP. 29. (20.)—THE RHINOCEROS.
CHAP. 30. (21.)—THE LYNX, THE SPHINX, THE CROCOTTA, AND THE MONKEY.
CHAP. 31.—THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS OF INDIA.
CHAP. 32.—THE ANIMALS OF ÆTHIOPIA; A WILD BEAST WHICH KILLS WITH ITS EYE.
CHAP. 33.—THE SERPENTS CALLED BASILISKS.
CHAP. 34. (22.)—WOLVES; THE ORIGIN OF THE STORY OF VERSIPELLIS.
CHAP. 35. (23.)—DIFFERENT KINDS OF SERPENTS.
CHAP. 36.—THE ICHNEUMON.
CHAP. 37. (25.)—THE CROCODILE.
CHAP. 38.—THE SCINCUS.
CHAP. 39.—THE HIPPOPOTAMUS.
CHAP. 40. (26.)—WHO FIRST EXHIBITED THE HIPPOPOTAMUS AND THE CROCODILE AT ROME.
CHAP. 41. (27.)—THE MEDICINAL REMEDIES WHICH HAVE BEEN
BORROWED FROM ANIMALS.
CHAP. 42. (28.)—PROGNOSTICS OF DANGER DERIVED FROM ANIMALS.
CHAP. 43. (29.)—NATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN EXTERMINATED BY ANIMALS.
CHAP. 44. (30.)—THE HYÆNA.
CHAP. 45.—THE COROCOTTA; THE MANTICHORA.
CHAP. 46.—WILD ASSES.
CHAP. 47.—BEAVERS, AMPHIBIOUS ANIMALS;
OTHERS.
CHAP. 48. (31.)—BRAMBLE-FROGS.
CHAP. 49.—THE SEA-CALF; BEAVERS; LIZARDS.
CHAP. 50. (32.)—STAGS.
CHAP. 51.—THE CHAMELEON.
CHAP. 52.—OTHER ANIMALS WHICH CHANGE COLOUR; THE TARANDUS, THE LYCAON, AND THE THOS.
CHAP. 53. (35.)—THE PORCUPINE.
CHAP. 54. (36.)—BEARS AND THEIR CUBS.
CHAP. 55. (37.)—THE MICE OF PONTUS AND OF THE ALPS.
CHAP. 56.—HEDGEHOGS.
CHAP. 57. (38.)—THE LEONTOPHONUS, AND THE LYNX.
CHAP. 58.—BADGERS AND SQUIRRELS.
CHAP. 59. (39.)—VIPERS AND SNAILS.
CHAP. 60.—LIZARDS.
CHAP. 61. (40.)—THE QUALITIES OF THE DOG; EXAMPLES OF TS ATTACHMENT TO ITS MASTER; NATIONS WHICH HAVE KEPT DOGS FOR THE PURPOSES OF WAR.
CHAP. 62.—THE GENERATION OF THE DOG.
CHAP. 63.—REMEDIES AGAINST CANINE MADNESS.
CHAP. 64. (42.)—THE NATURE OF THE HORSE.
CHAP. 65.—THE DISPOSITION OF THE HORSE; REMARKABLE FACTS
CONCERNING CHARIOT HORSES.
CHAP. 66.—THE GENERATION OF THE HORSE.
CHAP. 67.—MARES IMPREGNATED BY THE WIND.
CHAP. 68. (45.)—THE ASS, ITS GENERATION.
CHAP. 69. (44.)—THE NATURE OF MULES,
AND OF OTHER BEASTS OF BURDEN.
CHAP. 70. (45.)—OXEN; THEIR GENERATION.
CHAP. 71. (46.)—THE EGYPTIAN APIS.
CHAP. 72. (47.)—SHEEP, AND THEIR PROPAGATION.
CHAP. 73. (43.)—THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF WOOL, AND THEIR COLOURS.
CHAP. 74.—DIFFERENT KINDS OF CLOTHS.
CHAP. 75.—THE DIFFERENT SHAPES OF SHEEP; THE MUSMON.
CHAP. 76. (50.)—GOATS AND THEIR PROPAGATION.
CHAP. 77. (51.)—THE HOG.
CHAP. 78.—THE WILD BOAR; WHO WAS THE FIRST TO ESTABLISH
PARKS FOR WILD ANIMALS.
CHAP. 79. (53.)—ANIMALS IN A HALF-WILD STATE.
CHAP. 80. (54.)—APES.
CHAP. 81. (55.)—THE DIFFERENT SPECIES OF HARES.
CHAP. 82. (56.)—ANIMALS WHICH ARE TAMED IN PART ONLY.
CHAP. 83. (58.)—PLACES IN WHICH CERTAIN ANIMALS ARE NOT
TO BE FOUND.
CHAP. 84. (59.)—ANIMALS WHICH INJURE STRANGERS ONLY, AS
ALSO ANIMALS WHICH INJURE THE NATIVES OF THE COUNTRY
ONLY, AND WHERE THEY ARE FOUND.
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Table of Contents:
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
1 There has been some difference of opinion respecting the derivation of this word, but it is generally used to express a "mongrel," i. e. an ani- mal whose parents are of different natures, or, when applied to the human species, of different countries.—B.
2 See B. vii. c. 2.
3 It is not easy to determine what animals Pliny intended to designate. Cuvier employs the terms "chlevreuils, chamois, and bouquetins," as the corresponding words in the French. In English we have no names to express these varieties; we may, however, regard them generally, as different species of wild goats. Cuvier conceives that the Linnæan names of the animals mentioned were, probably, Cervus capreolus, Antelope rupicapra, and Capra ibex.—B.
4 The resemblance may be supposed to consist in the horns being hollow, and tapering to a point.—B.
5 There is considerable difficulty in ascertaining the correct reading, or the exact meaning which the writer intended to convey by the words employed.—B.
6 There is some difficulty in determining the nature of the variety which Pliny terms "oryges;" Hardouin has collected the opinions of naturalists, and we have some remarks by Cuvier; he refers to Buffon's account of the Antelope oryx, as agreeing, in the essential points, with the description given by pliny; Lemaire, vol. iii. p. 554. See B. xi. c. 106.
7 Cuvier remarks, that there is some doubt respecting the dama of Pliny; he is, however, disposed to regard it as a species of antelope. Ajasson, vol. vi. p. 464, 465; Lemaire, vol. iii. p. 554.—B.
8 The term pygargus is derived from the words πυγὴ ὰργὸς, denoting "white buttocks." Probably a kind of gazelle.
9 "With twisted horns." It is probable that Pliny intended to designate a species of antelope,—B. See B. xi. c. 45.
10 In this division Pliny, probably, included what he has termed the "capræa," the rupicapra, and the ibex.—B.
The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855.
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