The Truth About Hadees - Eng (DR Qamar Zaman)
The Truth About Hadees - Eng (DR Qamar Zaman)
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CONTENTS
1.
PREAMBLE 3
2.
FOREWORD 6
3.
THE BASIC FACTS 11
4.
SCHOLARS VARIED STANDPOINTS 14
5.
THE SAYINGS ASCRIBED TO THE HOLY
MESSENGER
16
6.
THE NUMBER OF NARRATORS 20
7.
HADITH-E-SAHIH AN AMBIGUOUS TERM 26
8.
SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS CONTENTS 30
9.
SOME EXAMPLES FROM BOOKS OF
HADITH
31
10. A MOMENT OF DEEP CONCERN 49
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PREAMBLE
The writer is neither affiliated to any school of thought nor
believes in religious sectarianism. Therefore, this writing is
aimed at all those who may wish to benefit from it by
stepping out of all or any religious ties. Thus, this booklet
serves the purpose of inviting people towards Quran
exclusively. In case you affiliate yourself with some school
of thought, religious community or sect, you may find it
radically different from your fundamental dogmas. Kindly
read it with a heartfelt concern. Compare my opinions with
the Quran. If something in it looks right, accept it; and if
there is a mistake, please do guide me towards the right
path. But prove your point essentially with Quranic authority
as all of us are duty-bound to derive all guidance only from
the Book of Almighty. In Verse No.17 of Chapter Al-Shura, it
is ordained:
(Allahu allazi anzala al-Kitaaba bil-Haqq wa al-meezaan.)
Allah is the One who sent down The Book with Truth and
the Values/Criterion.
In Verse No.4 of Chapter Aal-e-Imraan, it is ordained :
(Wa anzala al-Furqaan.)
And sent down the Distinguisher/Identifier.
And in Verse No.13, Chapter Al-Taariq :-
(Inna-hu la Qawlun Faslun.)
Verily, this is the Decisive Verdict.
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You will find no criticism or condemnation in this book
towards any group. Rather, an attempt is made to talk in
reference to the prominent scholars of every school of
thought. A constructive viewpoint is presented as we do not
believe in negative criticism. We believe that all scholars are
inviting us towards Gods Discipline according to how they
understand it. But no one is deemed perfect. Nor can one
get the awareness of right or wrong direct from the Almighty,
as the holy Messengers did through the medium of Divine
Revelation (Wahy). Hence, no one can proclaim that his
understanding is the only absolute truth. Everyone can
commit mistakes. However, the Quranic commandments
are so elaborate that they stand beyond the need of
justification. Accordingly, Quranic Verses are elaborate
enough for everyone to understand. In Verse No.114 of
Chapter Al-Anaam, the Almighty ordains:-
(Wa Huwa allazi anzala ilayikum al-Kitaaba mufassalan.)
And that is He, Who sent down to you the detailed/decisive
Book.
And in Verse No.33 of Chapter Al-Furqan, He proclaimed the
Quran to contain the best rendition of its own self. Thus,
how can a book be regarded as incomplete/insufficient
whose author, the Almighty, Himself has declared it to
contain its best, detailed interpretation; and which is
complete in all respects and supersedes all judgments?
It is not the aim of this booklet to enter into debate or
arguments with religious scholars having different
convictions. It is rather meant for the common folks who
may be competent in common sense and routine worldly
knowledge. For this reason, the simplest style of narration
and easily comprehensible language is used. No glorious
terminology is resorted to. Instead, straight-forward facts are
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presented and these facts are authenticated through
references from prominent scholars writings.
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FOREWORD
The Almighty has declared the Quran as the only true source
of guidance for mankind, what then is the importance of
hadith in our Deen? The necessity to write about hadith
arose through the concept created by Return to the Quran
movement, and how to understand the Quran as the one
and only true source for guidance. In Verse No.120 of
Chapter Al-Baqarah, the Almighty ordains:-
(Qul inna hudal-laahi huwa al-Huda.)
Say (O Messenger), Verily Gods Guidance is the only true
Guidance.
The source of Deen is stipulated as only the Quran, its
exclusive pursuit is ordained, be it direct or indirect. In Verse
No.3 of Chapter Al-Araaf, muslims are commanded:-
(Attabioo maa unzila ilayikum min Rabbi-kum wa laa tattabioo min
dooni-hi owliyaa.)
Follow only that, which your Lord has sent down upon you;
and, apart from that, do not follow any other owliyaa
(sponsor, guardian, supporter, elder, leader).
The same statement was corroborated by Verses 155-157 of
Chapter al-Anaam wherein it was ordained that:-
Quran is a Book that we have sent down with all the
blessings; therefore, follow it exclusively.
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It was further ordained:-
Now that you have received elaborate verses/signs from
your Lord, that constitute His Guidance and Blessings, who
would be crueler than the one who rejects and disregards?
Hence, it proves to be the right concept that the Almighty
emphasizes the pursuit of the Quranic teachings alone, and
commands his Messenger too to follow suit. The Almighty
rather categorically dismisses the idea of pursuit other than
that of the Quran by declaring that it was not fair for a
person, though he may possess even the exalted status of a
divine messenger, once he is bestowed with wisdom and
authority, to persuade people to become his subjects,
abandoning the divine commandments. In Verse No.79,
Chapter Aal-e-Imraan, the Almighty ordains:-
(Maa kaana li-basharin an yutiyahul-laahu al-Kitaaba wa al-Hukma wa
al-Nabuwwata thumma yaqoola lin-naasi koonoo ibaadan lee min
doonil-laahi.)
It is not possible for a human when bestowed with the Book,
the Authority and the Messenger ship, to persuade people
thereafter to become his subjects instead of Gods.
And the same Command is issued directly to the Holy
Messenger in Chapter al-Anaam with these words :-
(Ittabi maa ouhiya ilayika min Rabbika.)
Follow only what is revealed to you by your Nourisher.
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And we continue noticing the same commandment in the
Quran again and again, directing the Messenger to pass
judgments between people strictly in accordance with
Quranic tenets. Muslims have also been directed, in
Chapter Al-Araaf, to follow only that which has been sent
down to them.
HENCE, the question that invariably arises in this context is:
WHAT IS THEN THE STATUS OF HADITH?
This question is just as difficult to answer as it is important.
It is important because it is controversial as a decisive factor
or a final verdict. And it is difficult because in spite of the
historical background of hadith being commonly known, the
dogmas prevalent amongst Muslims as hadith being a part
of their faith (Eemaan) are very hard to defy. Although
there is a consensus amongst religious scholars, that hadith
are not the exact words uttered by the Holy Messenger but
only a representation of the interpretation of the narrators,
which they in turn have derived from what they heard from
others as the sayings ascribed to the Messenger.
Nevertheless, the sanctity of this material and its importance
is so deep rooted in our minds that we hardly dare to
confess today that this material is not exactly the words of
the Holy Messenger but only the narrators words from what
they understood from the sayings ascribed to him.
You will kindly notice that facts are explained in this booklet
in simple, easily understood words with the aim to drive
home successfully the reality which normally does not open
up to common readers due to almost essential usage of
difficult scholarly or religious terminology. And it is also
taken care that facts in this booklet are always explained
with reference to Muhaddithin (experts in the knowledge of
hadith) and leading scholars and collectors (Imams) of
hadith. Efforts are made not to draw personal inferences.
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On the issue of conclusive authority of hadith, our religious
scholars differ with each other. If one sect takes hadith for
the final authority in Deen, another sect may limit its role to
that of a certain detailed explanation of Deen. Yet another
sect may authenticate some of the hadith as right (Sahih)
and acceptable, but recommend the rest of the collection to
be discarded.
Except for the Ahl-e-Hadith Sect, all others deem hadith as
doubtful in some measure. Still every sect regards others as
disbelievers in hadith. Why is it so that different scholars
have different standpoints about hadith? And yet, to
substantiate their stance, they continue referring to the same
hadith as authority? So, in this booklet, the tale of hadith is
told in the words of the same scholars of hadith. Judgment
is entirely yours. Its your discretion to accept one of the
viewpoints or to reject one.
To understand a subject properly, we must first know its
terminology and its definition. Without that first step, we may
stay confused and bewildered. However, the main tragedy
with our Dean has been to impress and scare common folks
with heavy and intricate terminology, without ever explaining
to them its definitions. And thus the poor muslim was made
to surrender to all that was not the will of God; to that which
rather went against Gods wishes and His Deen. Non-
availability of simple understanding resulted into rendering
the Deen beyond the access of common people.
Consequently, a sacred caste of religious papacy took birth
and gripped the muslim masses into its endless
stranglehold. Howsoever a muslim may try, he cannot cope
with the intricacies of this terminology and is obliged at last
to withdraw in bewilderment. At the end of the day, a muslim
is obliged to believe blindly in what his Imam may tell him
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and may regard that as the final verdict. It was through this
terminology that man made dogmas were fabricated in the
name of God by corrupting Gods Deen.
Let us see what mysteries lie hidden from the muslim people
behind the curtain of that intricate terminology and how
vested interests are safeguarded by misleading the muslims
through this medium. BUT, to know all that, we first of all
must get out of that trance which leads us to sanctify certain
aspects of the matter. To ascertain a doctrines reality with a
critical analysis, one has to prepare ones mind for all kinds
of eventual probabilities. Because if one is firmly convinced
of the finality of ones own convictions, one is just not
disposed to liberal thinking and no criticism is acceptable to
him.
For once today, you too may sneak out of the trance of
sanctity and face some realities presented with rational
arguments. If deemed right, agree with them. If you feel
something goes wrong, do inform me. But your
opinion/criticism must also be based on rational arguments.
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THE BASIC FACTS
No muslim can be so damned as to refuse to obey while
knowing that he has been ordered to act in a certain way by
his Messenger. It is just not possible that the Messenger
may order and a muslim may resent and disobey. It is the
inherent nature of a muslim to offer his neck or a more
valuable asset in sacrifice, if asked to do so by his
Messenger.
It is this devotion to our messenger that our religious
scholars fully exploit and ask us to surrender, in the name of
the messenger, to what they demand from us for their own
vested interests.. If someone stands up to argue about the
validity of their edicts, he is labeled guilty of contempt and
desecration of the Messenger, with their blind accomplices,
they manage to get him murdered. But they forget that they
must eventually appear before God where their tyranny will
be fully exposed.
First of all, some basic facts with respect to Hadith are
presented before you in the simplest of words. Later on,
some brief but comprehensive explanations, where needed,
will also be presented with arguments.
1. Religious scholars are themselves not clear about
Hadith and Sunna;
2. All Muhaddithin have consensus that there is not a
single hadith in the famous books of hadith viz, Bukhari,
Muslim and Company, which can qualify as the original
words of our Holy Messenger. On the contrary, these hadith
narrate that understanding which the narrator had arrived at.
It means that hadith are not the sayings of our Holy
Messenger, but represent the narrators own understanding,
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in narrators own words, of the sayings ascribed to the Holy
Messenger;
3. According to a cautious estimate the number of the
Holy Messengers companions reaches the figure of
200,000. BUT, every authentic hadith found in Bukhari,
Muslim and Co; is narrated at most by just three of the
Companions. Which simply means that rest of the
Companions never knew about that act or saying of the
Holy Messenger which Bukhari, Muslim and Co; have
recorded in their books;
4. The Collections of hadith, called Sahaa-e-Sittah,
were introduced in public 250 years after the departure of
the Holy Messenger;
5. At the time of collection and editing, viz. after 250
years, not a single hadith was in writing. That is why hadith
is called rivaeya (tradition), which means something that is
narrated or told as a tale. No hadith claims to have been
copied from some authors book or from some written
material;
6. No collection or editing work was carried out during
the time of the Holy Messenger or the Pious Caliphs neither
was there any hadith available in writing from that period;
7. The collectors of hadith like Bukhari, Muslim and Co;
selected only six thousand hadith out of six hundred
thousand. These Imams had no authority or any approved
criterion to prove that the bulk of the material they
disbelieved in, and subsequently discarded, did NOT include
true hadith;
8. In case hadith were as important as we are assured of
today, why was it that Bukhari, Muslim and Co; had to travel
thousands of miles to collect hadith one by one? Were the
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sacred sayings of the Holy Messenger still limited to certain
particular people even after a lapse of 250 years? After
such a long period, those hadith should have become widely
known? Had they been unknown to public, how was the
Deen of muslims regarded as complete during its first 250
years WITHOUT HADITH?
9. The term Sahih Hadith is the most ambiguous one.
Sahih hadith does not necessarily mean that a hadith is
actually true, i.e. it is actually the saying of the Holy
Messenger.
There are numerous other facts which are widely known
about these hadith, but the above basic facts are sufficient to
clarify the issue. Let us know proceed to explain some
points further.
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SCHOLARS VARIED STANDPOINTS
It must look strange to you that religious scholars are
themselves not clear about the issues of Hadith and
Sunna. You will judge this fact from the writings of these
scholars referred to hereunder. And then you can pause for
a moment to think as to how can they explain something to
you which they are not clear themselves about, and how
then could they be able to determine its status in Deen.
Sheikh al-Hadith, Maulana Ismael (Ahl-e-Hadith Sect of
Pakistan), a prominent and authentic scholar of Ahl-e-Hadith
writes in his book Hujjiat-e-Hadith:-
In the subject under our consideration (Sunna and Hadith),
Sunna and Hadith are synonyms (equivalents). According
to Islamic Law, both of these are the final authority
(Hujjat).
Contrary to that, Maulana Amin Ahsan Islahi, a prominent
and authentic scholar of Ahl-e-Sunna Sect, writes in his book
Mubadi Tadabbar Hadith:-
People generally take hadith and sunna for synonyms
(equivalents). This concept is not right. Hadith and Sunna
are oceans apart and according to Deen, both have their
separate positions and status. To take them for synonyms
creates serious complications.
You have seen that a scholar calls these terms synonymous,
whereas another scholars considers these oceans apart;
rather reserves for these quite different positions in Deen.
While defining hadith, Maulana Amin Ahsan Islahi explains:-
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Muhaddithin define hadith with the word Khabar, viz.
news; and news is defined as having both probabilities of
being true and false. It means that according to experts,
Khabar (i.e. Hadith) can be true as well as false. It is on this
conclusion that hadith are called Zanni (Hypothetical,
Speculative that which is not proven as true and may
prove false). (Ref. Mubadi Tadabbar Hadith)
You have seen that Mr. Amin Ahsan Islahi does not take
hadith for sunna, whereas Maulana Ismael Salafi does not
differentiate between Hadith and Sunna.
Ahl-e-Sunna Sect takes hadith for hypothetical/conjectural,
meaning that which may have the possibility of being false,
whereas, Ahl-e-Hadith Sect take hadith for something
conclusive as law.
We leave the judgment to you without adding our comments.
You may agree with what you deem right, as in the court of
the Almighty you will not be judged upon the convictions of a
religious scholar; you will rather be required to substantiate
your own convictions with solid arguments.
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SAYINGS ASCRIBED TO THE HOLY
MESSENGER
No one claims that hadith, in actual fact, are the words of the
Holy Messenger. You can well imagine how something you
say in a circle of friends reaches another circle, and within a
few hours time, has substantially changed in form and
essence. Not only the words you have uttered are changed,
but their essence and message too has changed.
Similar process took place with those words and deeds of
the Holy Messenger which he delivered in his private
sittings. Those who saw and listened to him in those
meetings reported the proceedings to their friends and
relatives as a normal routine. For this reason, even after a
lapse of 250 years, that reporting remained limited to a few
people.
Bukhari and Muslim had to travel long distances to locate
and get hold of the pieces of that reporting. Only then were
they able to meet one, two or at the most three people who
had heard something on an issue from their elders.
You can imagine if those sayings had been an integral part
of the Deen, it would be impossible for every muslim not to
know about them after a long span of 250 years. Apart from
that, whenever a comparison is drawn of different narrators
statements, pertaining to a single issue, so much
contradiction is noticed that the issue becomes more
ambiguous and controversial, rather than becoming clear.
And, all of us know that if two narrations (Rivaya) may
interpret the same subject in two different versions,
apparently, only one of these can be taken for a true
statement of the Holy Messenger.
So, after a lapse of 250 years, it had already become
impossible to decide as to which narration represented the
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true essence of the words of the Holy Messenger. Rather, it
was more probable that not only the words but also the
essence of the narration did not represent the Holy
Messengers words. Accordingly, the muhaddithin in this
context usually say:-
Had these narrators been restricted to speak only in the
Holy Messengers words, i.e. had tradition been allowed
strictly in its original words, I think that 95% of the Holy
Messengers teachings would have ceased to exist. (Ref.
Mubadi Tadabbar Hadith)
It means that in Maulana Islahis view, 95% words of the
Collections of Hadith are not actually the original words of
the Holy Messenger. In this context, Maulana Islahi further
states :-
The fact cannot be denied that quotations by meanings
(Rivaya bil-Maani) are likely to contain falsehood.
Later on, writing on the same topic, Maulana Amin Ahsan
Islahi proved with examples as to how the lack (or non-
availability) of quotations by words (Rivaya bil-Alfaaz)
caused mis-statement of facts.
Maulana Maududi states:-
The fact of the matter is that a narration (Rivaya) when
ascribed to the Holy Messenger, the authenticity and the
accuracy of its own antecedents becomes a target of
debate. (Ref. Rasaail wa Masaail, Part 1)
These references are aimed to clarify the point that the facts
explained above are not the opinions of an ignorant person.
These facts expose an authentic reality recognized by all
scholars and muhaddithin that those rivaya which we call
Hadith-e-Rasool, and are listed in the books of Bukhari,
Muslim and Company, are only the interpretations of those
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statements which are ascribed to the Holy Messenger; and
no one claims, that these are the exact and same words
from his mouth.
This will again be surprising for you that there is not a single
hadith which can be declared with full conviction to be the
words stated by the Holy Messenger. Thats why you would
note the Ullema always uttering a particular sentence at the
end of every tradition they recite, and that is:-
(Aou Kamaa Qaala Sallal-laahu alayihi wa sallam)
Its translation would leave you wonder struck. The
translation is:-
Or AS (LIKE WHAT) the Holy Messenger pbuh stated.
It simply implies that you have stated a fact but also that
you simultaneously avoid taking responsibility of its
authenticity by displaying a suspicion that it might not be so!
Hence, if the fact differs from what it alleges, it is simply
dismissed by saying OR AS THE HOLY MESSENGER
MIGHT HAVE STATED.
The important point to consider here is whether a man can
escape from the wrath of God after ascribing a doubtful
statement to the Holy Messenger? Can he absolve himself
from a falsity by just adding a typical sentence at the end of
it? This may be called his self-deception or a wishful
assumption, but he has trapped you. If you have believed
him in blind faith in spite of his expression of doubts about
the Holy Messengers statement, God would certainly hold
you responsible for the insinuation.
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These books of hadith, which we know as Sahih Bukhari,
Sahih Muslim or Company contain such traditions where a
compulsory sentence is always added at the end like this :-
(Aou Kamaa Qaala Sallal-laahu alayihi wa sallam)
Or AS the Holy Messenger pbuh stated.
A more precise translation of this sentence is like this:-
Or like what the Holy Messenger might have said! ! ! !
You can get the above fact attested. Just ask any religious
scholar as to why he quotes the sentence