Coastal Geomorphology

Geomorphological features within the revision of the Spanish Hydraulic Public Domain (RDPH) and the National Cartographic System on Flood Zones The recently entry into force of the revision of the Spanish Hydraulic Public Domain Regulation (RDPH) includes several references to geomorphological features such as criteria for delimiting certain elements defined within the Hydraulic Public Domain, such as the natural channel or flood prone areas, and the possibility of augmenting the “restrains area” (zona de policía) including the flood way. Geomorphological data and methodologies will also be taken into account for the development of the National Cartographic System on Inundation Zones, thought of to gather all cartographic efforts for the EU Directive on Floods. These amendments are a challenge for the community of geomorphologists, as well as a responsibility to provide the scientific criteria needed in order to efficiently accomplish the objectives. Palabras clave: geomorfología, i...

The analysis of the complex, neotectonic movements in the investigation area in southern-central Egypt and the specific dynamics of the moving units with different sizes and velocities is a difficult task. It requires an interdisciplinary approach, especially the integration of remote sensing, geological, geodetical and geophysical data. Geostructural mapping is essential for understanding the structural architecture and tectonic evolution in the study area. Thus, a prerequisite for the detection of neotectonic activity is a systematic inventory of structural features, fault and fracture zones, traces of magmatic activity, and of seismic and geodetic data. Satellite data support the detailed, structural 2D inventory to a large extent. When combing and merging optical and radar satellite images with DEM data, the morphologic properties at the surface can be determined, especially based on 3D perspective views with vertical exaggeration up to 20 x. Thus, fault related structures like push-up ridges or pull-apart depressions along fault zones can be detected. Based on the digitized structural features and traces of fault zones density calculations were carried out. Those areas with the highest densities of prominent fault zones and fault related structures can be assumed to be susceptible to relatively higher geodynamic activity in the past and, when reactivated, up to recent times. Neotectonic movements affect the present day geomorphology. High-resolution satellite images help to differentiate various traces and types of neotectonic activities and to study kinematic processes along larger fault zones, even influencing recent morphodynamic processes such as the drainage pattern or slope failure. Linear courses and parallel arrangements of dry riverbeds, their meanders, and terraces clearly reveal a recent tectonic influence on their development. The identification of the geomorphic signatures of tectonic activity can be supported by the evaluation of morphometric properties of the surface. When calculating the difference between an original digital elevation model (DEM) and the filled DEM in ArcGISPro software, depressions can be identified that might lead to the identification of pull-apart depressions, basins or of rift zones. By extracting steep slope degrees from slope gradient maps and digitizing traces of mass movements based on satellite images, it can be derived where areas are more likely to be prone to slope failure in case of increasing geodynamic activity such as earthquakes with magnitudes > 5.

A.A. Volchek, O.P. Meshik. FEATURES OF RECLAMATION DEVELOPMENT OF LANDS OF THE BELARUSIAN POLESIEВ статье описывается история развития мелиорации земель в Белорусском Полесье. Приведены современные показатели мелиоративных систем. Определяются перспективы развития мелиораций

ا خل ص
ريغت دعي لاح خانملا ي ًا  تايدحتلا مهأ دحأ ةيعيبطلا يتلا هجاوت لاعلا .م  دقف  تمهسأ لماوع
ةدع يف ثودح  تاريغت ةيخانم  نابوذ اهنع جتن تايمك ةلئاه نم ديلجلا ؛  يلاتلابو عافترا
طسوتم بوسنم حطس  ،رحبلا وهو ام  قلقي  ةيلحاسلا لودلا تقولا يف لا يلاح .    اذه نمو
  ثحابلا راتخا ،قلطنملا  تاريغتلا رثلأ ةلاح ةساردك لاكملا ةنيدم  ايجولوفروم ىلع ةيخانملا
( يلاوح دتمي يذلا ،اهلحاس 63 تفدهو .ندع جيلخ رحب ىلع مك )  هذه ةقرولا  ىلإ  مادختسا
  تاينقت مظن تامولعملا راعشتسلااو ةيفارغجلا دعب نع عضول روصت يلبقتسم  لكشل  لحاس
يف لاكملا ةنيدم ةلاح ةدايز بوسنم حطس رحبلا  نم تحو دحاو رتم ةسمخ ى  ةفرعمو ،راتمأ
.تاناضيفلاو رحبلا هايمب رمغلل ةضرعملا ءايحلأا  نم نيبتو    للاخ  تانايبل يناكملا ليلحتلا
( ةيمقرلا تاعافترل اا DEM ريغت فرع لاكملا ةنيدم لحاس نأ )  ًا  ةرتفلا للاخ 1973 - 
ويام 2019  ( غلب 47 ريغت لحاسلا طخ فرعيس امك ،% )  ًا ظوحلم  ًا  عافترا ةدايز ةلاح يف
  رحبلا ةيجولويجلا ةينبلا ةعيبط بسح ريغتلا اذه توافتيو ،راتمأ ةسمخ ىتحو ٍ دحاو رتم نم
ءاقتلا قطانم يف اهرثكأ تزكرت ،رحبلا هايمب رمغلل نكامأ ضرعتتسو ،لحاسلل سيراضتلاو
.هَّ وفو ،لاكملا روخو ،شيوبو ،نايرلا ءايحأ نم ٍ لك يف ةيدولأا هايمب رحبلا هايم

En el litoral atlántico del sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires se sitúa la localidad arqueológica Monte Hermoso1-La Olla, situada 6 km al oeste de la ciudad de Monte Hermoso. Los afloramientos del Holoceno, expuestos a lo largo de la zona intermareal, ...

В статье изложены предварительные результаты раскопок стоянок Малое Окулово 19 (мезолит) и Малое Окулово 10 (бронзовый век, ранний железный век), расположенных в Навашинском г.о. Нижегородской области, в рамках проекта по строительству трассы М-12 Москва – Казань.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el potencial transporte longitudinal marino de sedimentos, desde la ciudad balnearia de Monte Hermoso hasta Punta Rasa (Provincia de Buenos Aires), a través del método de flujo de energía (CERC, 2002), utilizando datos de clima de olas de los modelos WAVEWATCH III (NOAA, 2009). El método relaciona la altura de ola significativa, su ángulo de incidencia y otros parámetros característicos de playas, con la tasa de transporte de sedimentos paralela a la costa. Los resultados permitieron generar mapas de flujo de energía y del consiguiente transporte potencial de material sedimentario. A través de la comparación con antecedentes de estudios previos basados en relevamientos in situ se logró verificar la concordancia existente entre el clima de ola y la morfología regional de playas. La aplicación de los modelos de olas brindó continuidad al cálculo a lo largo del área de estudio, aportando un panorama integral al fenómeno de deriva litoral.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el potencial transporte longitudinal marino de sedimentos, desde la ciudad balnearia de Monte Hermoso hasta Punta Rasa (Provincia de Buenos Aires), a través del método de flujo de energía (CERC, 2002), utilizando datos de clima de olas de los modelos WAVEWATCH III (NOAA, 2009). El método relaciona la altura de ola significativa, su ángulo de incidencia y otros parámetros característicos de playas, con la tasa de transporte de sedimentos paralela a la costa. Los resultados permitieron generar mapas de flujo de energía y del consiguiente transporte potencial de material sedimentario. A través de la comparación con antecedentes de estudios previos basados en relevamientos in situ se logró verificar la concordancia existente entre el clima de ola y la morfología regional de playas. La aplicación de los modelos de olas brindó continuidad al cálculo a lo largo del área de estudio, aportando un panorama integral al fenómeno de deriva litoral.

In India, the Coastal Aquaculture Authority, established at the behest of the Supreme Court to protect the coastal environment from an unregulated shrimp industry, has evolved into a bureaucratic apparatus that promotes business interests. The recent reform of this agency underscores the conflicting dialogue between the Government and the judiciary on environmental issues, highlighting the complexities of a law-making process that prioritises economic growth over ecological concerns.

The Gulf of Trieste is located in the northeastern part of the Adriatic Sea. After the Holocene trangression marine sediment started depositing on top of Late Pleistocene continental deposits approximately 10,000 years ago in this area. We present the first model of the thickness of Holocene marine sediment in both the Italian and Slovenian parts of the Gulf of Trieste based on geomodeling from extensive high-resolution geophysical datasets along with published sedimentological data and nautical chart data.

The analysis of the complex, neotectonic movements in the investigation area in southern-central Egypt and the specific dynamics of the moving units with different sizes and velocities is a difficult task. It requires an interdisciplinary approach, especially the integration of remote sensing, geological, geodetical and geophysical data. Geostructural mapping is essential for understanding the structural architecture and tectonic evolution in the study area. Thus, a prerequisite for the detection of neotectonic activity is a systematic inventory of structural features, fault and fracture zones, traces of magmatic activity, and of seismic and geodetic data. Satellite data support the detailed, structural 2D inventory to a large extent. When combing and merging optical and radar satellite images with DEM data, the morphologic properties at the surface can be determined, especially based on 3D perspective views with vertical exaggeration up to 20 x. Thus, fault related structures like push-up ridges or pull-apart depressions along fault zones can be detected. Based on the digitized structural features and traces of fault zones density calculations were carried out. Those areas with the highest densities of prominent fault zones and fault related structures can be assumed to be susceptible to relatively higher geodynamic activity in the past and, when reactivated, up to recent times. Neotectonic movements affect the present day geomorphology. High-resolution satellite images help to differentiate various traces and types of neotectonic activities and to study kinematic processes along larger fault zones, even influencing recent morphodynamic processes such as the drainage pattern or slope failure. Linear courses and parallel arrangements of dry riverbeds, their meanders, and terraces clearly reveal a recent tectonic influence on their development. The identification of the geomorphic signatures of tectonic activity can be supported by the evaluation of morphometric properties of the surface. When calculating the difference between an original digital elevation model (DEM) and the filled DEM in ArcGISPro software, depressions can be identified that might lead to the identification of pull-apart depressions, basins or of rift zones. By extracting steep slope degrees from slope gradient maps and digitizing traces of mass movements based on satellite images, it can be derived where areas are more likely to be prone to slope failure in case of increasing geodynamic activity such as earthquakes with magnitudes > 5.

The estuaries including mangrove habitats of most of the Indian west coast are much smaller compared to such along the east coast, with the overwhelming presence of Sundarbans and Orissa mangroves. The west coast estuaries, despite their high productivity and biodiversity, faced neglect regarding mangrove conservation and development programmes, probably on account their smallness. These estuarine regions, densely populated due to high productivity, are prone to rising human pressures causing greater mangrove fragmentation and losses. The lack of spatial quantitative maps on mangroves for the west coast has often crippled restoration programmes. In the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka State, mangrove planting works in the small estuaries attempted during the recent years have raised high hopes of better ecology and higher biological production. Yet the local forest departments, which manage most mangrove areas, are to be equipped with spatial, quantified data on mangroves and po...

In the first week of December 2016, this investigation was carried out to determine the ecological border around Nijhum Dwip Island. During the investigation period, chosen stations 1-8(N 22 0 05′ 06.7″ E 91 0 01′ 58.8″ , N 22 0 06′ 07.2″ E 90 0 58′ 56.9″, N 22 0 03′ 18.1″ E 90 0 56′ 38.5″, N 22 0 01′ 37.6″ E 90 0 57′ 58.8″, N 22 0 05′ 00.8″ E 91 0 01′ 25.1″, N 22 0 03′ 44.6″ E 91 0 06′ 50.9″, N 22 0 04′ 38.8″E 91 0 05′ 55.9″, N 22 0 03′ 42.4″ E 91 0 02′ 25.2″) recorded air temperatures ranging from 24.1°C to 27.5°C. Significant correlations between air and water temperatures were seen, and daylight had an impact as well. During the study period, the stations' surface water temperatures varied from 25.1°C to 27°C. Throughout the research area, the pH values were largely constant. Between the locations, the pH of the surface water varied from 7.4 to 7.8. Between 3.70 ppt to 5.45 ppt, the salinity of the surface water reported at eight locations was low. Freshwater runoff from the lower Meghna Estuary may be the cause of this. From 5.20 to 8.20 mg/l of dissolved oxygen were found in surface water at stations 1 through 8. Normal estuarine biota will thrive in this environment. The research area's water transparency was very low. During the study period, the Secchi-Disc transparency varied across stations 1-8 from 4-15 cm. Between stations 1 and 8, the surface water's total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 575 to 709 mg/l.

This study examines the relative sea-level changes during the Upper Holocene period along the south coastline of Cyprus through the investigation of beachrock formations and their impact on archaeological sites. Beachrock, as a natural indicator of past relative sea levels, provides valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between sea-level fluctuations and human settlements. The research integrates field observations, mineralogical and geochemical analysis, geochronological studies, and archaeological data to reconstruct past sea-level variations and their implications for coastal archaeological sites. The results reveal significant fluctuations in relative sea levels during the Upper Holocene, influencing the development and occupation of coastal archaeological sites. By elucidating the complex relationship between sea-level changes and human activity, this study contributes to our understanding of past coastal environments and their sociocultural dynamics. Moreover, it underscores the importance of considering geological factors in archaeological interpretations and coastal management strategies in the face of contemporary sea-level rise.

The coastal region is characterized by dynamic changes in its coastline, which can be attributed to various factors. However, the main causes of change along the Gresik coast have yet to be thoroughly studied. Therefore, this research aims to examine the patterns of coastline change along the Gresik coast around the Madura Strait and the influence of wind-generated waves on them. Specifically, the study focuses on four coastal zones: Ujung Pangkah, Sidayu, Bungah, and Manyar districts. The research utilizes satellite imagery and geographic information systems (GIS) as well as methods for calculating ocean waves to analyze the coastline change patterns. The study also examines the impact of ocean wave energy on coastal abrasion and accretion. The findings revealed that the accretion rate in the study area was higher than the erosion rate. The accretion in the coastal area of Gresik is attributed to the flow of the Bengawan Solo River, which carries sediment from upstream. The accretion and abrasion areas for the entire period from 2002 to 2019 were 1063.16 ha and 425.23 ha, respectively. The study also found that the mangrove areas exhibit a higher rate of accretion than abrasion, indicating their potential as a reliable indicator of the effects of sea level rise resulting from global warming. This study revealed that the northern part of Ujung Pangkah District and Bungah District experienced the highest abrasion patterns, whereas no abrasion was observed in Sidayu District. Between 2002 and 2019, the abrasion areas in Ujung Pangkah and Bungah districts totaled 243.96 ha and 178.29 ha, respectively. Windgenerated waves were likely the primary cause of the abrasion in these areas, though other factors may also have contributed to coastline changes. It is essential to consider these factors for effective coastal management in the region.

La erosión litoral ha sido la tendencia histórica dominante a lo largo de los aproximadamente 145 km de línea de costa entre las ciudades de Arboletes y Turbo (sur del Litoral Caribe colombiano). En las cuatro últimas décadas ocurrieron retrocesos de la línea de costa del orden de los 50-100m en varios sectores (Uveros, Damaquiel, Zapata, Turbo), y de hasta 1.6 km en el área Punta Rey-Arboletes, en la cual las pérdidas de terrenos suman más de 4.5 km2 y la erosión alcanzó tasas máximas de hasta 40m/año. La síntesis de la información disponible sugiere que la “susceptibilidad” generalizada a la erosión podría ser la respuesta a ascensos relativos del nivel del mar, asociados a la tectónica regional, a los efectos del diapirismo de lodos y a la hidroisostacia, entre otros posibles factores. En los sectores más críticos (Arboletes y Turbo), las tendencias erosivas naturales fueron aceleradas por intervenciones humanas como la desviación del río Turbo, la extracción intensiva de materiales de playa y el manejo inadecuado (o no manejo) de las aguas lluvias y residuales. El costo actualizado de las 155 obras de defensa (espolones, barreras y muros de contención que totalizan 6.2 km de longitud y un volumen de materiales de 37.000m3) construidas hasta agosto del 2000 se calcula en alrededor de los $ Col 10.000 millones. Con muy pocas excepciones, los espolones perpendiculares a las playas no han recuperado arenas y más bien se han convertido en generadores de nuevos problemas en los sectores adyacentes. A corto plazo, la erosión litoral entre Arboletes y Turbo es causada tanto por factores marinos como por procesos de erosión subaérea y es función en buena parte de las litologías poco resistentes de las terrazas y acantilados, compuestos en su mayoría por lodolitas fracturadas y meteorizadas (con buzamientos o planos de debilidad inclinados hacia el mar) y por sedimentos finos no consolidados, fácilmente licuables: ambas condiciones facilitan la ocurrencia de deslizamientos, caídas de rocas y flujos de lodo que determinan retrocesos rápidos (3 a 4 metros) del contorno litoral, sobre todo en los primeros 15 días de la transición verano-invierno (abril) y durante los “mares de leva” (periodos de oleajes fuertes). El caso de la erosión litoral entre Turbo y Arboletes ilustra claramente cómo las tendencias erosivas naturales pueden intensificarse fuertemente por intervenciones humanas (incluyendo las defensas ingenieriles) y la necesidad urgente de coordinar esfuerzos para controlar o mitigar con eficiencia las pérdidas de terrenos litorales.

Разработана и апробирована методика составления межрегиональных корреляционных стратиграфических схем для области перехода «суша–море» в пределах Российской Арктики. Методика включает сопоставление результатов  сейсмопрофилирования методом отраженных волн общей глубинной точки, данных о геологическом строении, лито-биостратиграфических данных по морским скважинам и прилегающей суше, результатов геологосъемочных работ по островам и архипелагам, а также сведений по обнажениям и бурению в береговой зоне. Для уточнения представлений о площадном распространении отложений были построены единые палеогеографические карты территории Российской Арктики для некоторых отделов систем фанерозоя. С использованием ГИС технологий разработаны единые схемы районирования. Межрегиональные корреляционные  стратиграфические схемы составлены на основе выделенных структурно-формационных подразделений. В процессе подготовки была использована современная Общая стратиграфическая шкала и учтены актуализированные и новые стратиграфические данные. Результаты проведенных исследований имеют практическое значение для картосоставительских работ, продолжающихся в Российской Арктике, и для корреляции подразделений — Северо-Карско-Баренцевоморской, Южно-Карской, Лаптево-Сибироморской, Чукотской, Таймырско-Североземельской и Океанской серийных легенд листов Государственной геологической карты масштаба 1 : 1 000 000. Создание единого комплекта, включающего сопоставление био-литостратиграфических данных, датировок и сейсмогоризонтов, имеет важное значение для Российской Арктики в связи с недостаточной изученностью геологического строения акваториальной части и высоким нефтегазовым потенциалом региона в целом. (The authors developed and tested a methodology for compiling interregional stratigraphic correlation schemes for the land-sea transition area of the Russian Arctic. The methodology combines seismic profiling results obtained with the common depth point seismic reflection method, geological structure data, litho-biostratigraphic data on offshore and onshore boreholes, geological survey results on islands and archipelagos, as well as information on outcrops and drilling in the coastal zone. To clarify the ideas about the areal sedimentation, the unified palaeogeographic maps of the Russian Arctic are created for subdivisions of the Phanerozoic systems. GIS technologies contributed to compiling new unified structural-facies zoning maps. Interregional stratigraphic correlation schemes are based on developed new zoning maps. The work was based on the modern General Stratigraphic Chart of Russia as well as updated and new stratigraphy data. The results obtained are of practical value for ongoing mapping works in the Russian Arctic and correlation of the subdivisions within the area of the Northern Kara Sea — Barents Sea, Southern Kara Sea, Laptev Sea — Siberian Sea, Chukotka, Taimyr — Severnaya Zemlya, and Ocean legends to series of State geological maps (scale of 1 : 1,000,000). The creation of a unite set including the combination of bio-lithostratigraphic data, dating of rocks and seismic horizons is important due to the insufficient knowledge on the geological structure of the offshore area of the Russian Arctic and the high oil and gas potential of the region as a whole.)

The Campi Flegrei is an active volcanic district located west of the city of Naples, largely on the continental shelf of the Eastern Tyrrhenian margin, that has been characterized by dominantly explosive eruptions during the latest Quaternary. This is one of the highest volcanic risk-prone areas of the world and likely the only example in the historical record of a caldera where dramatic ground/seafloor deformation (up to 3.5 m of uplift between 1970 and 1984) was not followed by a volcanic eruption. Recent research ...

The interpretation of very high resolution seismic profiles and gravity core data acquired on the continental shelf of the Amalfi coast (Northern Salerno Bay) documents the stratigraphic architecture of a series of small fan-deltas that develop at the mouth of major bedrock streams. The fan-delta system mostly postdates the Plinian eruption of the Vesuvius of AD 79 and displays various phases of development that were ostensibly associated with periods of high sediment supply from the adjacent river basins. During these periods ...

Como una contribución a la implementación de la Política Nacional Ambiental para el Desarrollo Sostenible de Espacios Oceánicos y Zonas Costeras e Insulares de Colombia, se realizó la caracterización física del litoral norte del departamento de Córdoba (Paso Nuevo- Cristo Rey), con el propósito de determinar cuáles son las causas de los procesos erosivos que se presentan y proponer medidas que contribuyan a reducir la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones costeras del área. En esta zona afloran sedimentos terciarios de origen fluvio-marino, fracturados, meteorizados y levemente plegados. Las características geomorfológicas muestran que las terrazas fluvio-marinas, que están limitadas por acantilados de hasta 15 m de altura, son la unidad más frecuente y a la vez más afectada por los diferentes procesos erosivos. Le siguen en abundancia los pantanos de manglar y las colinas-montañas. Los procesos erosivos a lo largo del litoral son favorecidos por: el oleaje que incide frontalmente sobre los acantilados, causando su paulatino derrumbe; una corriente de deriva litoral débil, en sentido suroeste principalmente, que unida a la falta de sedimentos ocasionada por el escaso aporte de los ríos y los materiales de tamaño muy fino en los acantilados, no contribuyen a la formación de playas; las condiciones geológicas que muestran una roca frágil, susceptible a la degradación; escorrentía muy intensa durante los periodos invernales; el diapirismo de lodo y el ascenso relativo del nivel del mar como fenómenos regionales activos. Estos procesos, en la mayoría de los casos, son intensificados por la intervención humana, manifestada principalmente en la construcción indiscriminada de estructuras y extracción de materiales (arenas y manglar).

While recent studies highlighted the great mobility of boulder beaches related to the impact of storm waves, numerous researches are still needed to better understand the morphodynamic of coastal boulder accumulations. This paper provides original data about storm-induced geomorphic processes and their impact on the Valahnukur coastal barrier. First described by Etienne & Paris (2010), this massive accumulation of boulders is located between the Valahnukur hyaloclastite cone and prehistoric lava flows of the Reykjanesta Point, in the south-west of Iceland. Numerous evidences of barrier flooding and intense boulder mobility were observed in the field. Between May 2015 and May 2017, three kite surveys were realized over the Valahnukur boulder barrier and surrounding areas. The Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) produced using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry were compared to deduce the morphological changes. Three orthophotographs were analyzed to estimate the changes in the spatial ...

Mediterranean coastal dunes are dynamic and heterogeneous ecosystems characterised by a strong interaction between abiotic and biotic factors. The present study aimed to adopt a multidisciplinary approach -integrating data on dune morphology, sediment texture and soil parameters as well as shoreline trend -in order to define which are the abiotic factors that most affect the distribution and composition of Mediterranean plant dune communities. The study was carried out in two protected areas, located in central Italy, subjected to different shoreline trends in recent years. 75 plots were identified along eleven randomly positioned cross-shore transects, starting from the beach continuing up to the plant communities of the backdunes. In each plot floristic and environmental data -such as distance to the coastline, plot altitude, inclination, shoreline trend, mean grain-size, sorting, pH, conductivity and organic matter concentration -were collected. The analyses revealed significant changes of vegetational cover, dune morphology and geopedological features along the coast-to-inland gradient. Relationships between vegetation composition and environmental factors were investigated through Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Four factors -distance to the coastline, mean grain-size, shoreline trend and organic matter -were found to be closely correlated with the floristic composition of plant communities. Finally, soil properties were highlighted as the most determinant factors of community zonation in these Mediterranean coastal dune ecosystems. These results could be taken into account by local managers in conservation actions such as protecting the eroding foredunes as well as in artificial dune reconstructions.

The management of the coastal environment is a complex issue, which needs for appropriate methodologies. Erosional processes and longshore currents present in the submerged beach represent a serious danger for both people and human infrastructures. A proper integration between traditional and innovative techniques can help in the characterization and management of the beach environment. Several different multispectral and hyperspectral techniques were used to retrieve information about the hydro and morphodynamic settings of the Pisa province coast (Tuscany, Italy). Results were validated using about 130 samples collected along the study area, between the mouths of the Serchio river and the Scolmatore canal. The composition of sand samples was evaluated by means of petrographic microscopy and grain size analyses. The same samples were analyzed using an Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) Fieldspec. The obtained sediment spectral library was used to evaluate the differences in mineralogical composition, which can be related to different source areas. Results coming from spectroscopy were compared to those obtained from the petrographic and grain size analysis. Furthermore a multispectral aerial image was used to evaluate sediment distribution along the submerged beach, to map the geomorphic features and to detect the presence of longshore and rip currents. This works suggests that optical remote sensing technique can be profitably used in order to reduce the need for expensive and time consuming conventional analysis.

In this paper, the profiles of three artificial coarse-grained beaches located at Marina di Pisa (Tuscany, Italy) were monitored from April 2008 to May 2009 in order to define the response of the beaches to major storms that occurred during the study. Two beaches are similar, the third differs in length and in the level of protection, being less than half the length of the others and devoid of an offshore submerged breakwater. The work was achieved by means of accurate topographic surveys intended to reconstruct the beach profile from the backshore up to the foreshore-upper shoreface transition (step). The surveys were performed with an RTK-GPS instrument, which provided extremely precise recording of the beach. The most significant features of the beaches were tracked during each survey; in particular, the landward foot of the storm berm, the crest of the storm berm, the coastline, and the step crest were monitored. Five cross-shore transects were traced on each beach. Along these transects, any meaningful slope change was recorded to obtain accurate sections of the beach. The field datasets were processed with AutoCAD software to compare the beach profile evolution during the year-long research. The results showed a comparable evolution of the twin beaches: the resulting storm berm retreat of about 15 to 19 m is a remarkable feature considering the coarse grain size and the offshore protection. Due to the absence of the breakwater, the third beach was characterized by even higher values of recession (over 20 m), and showed hints of wave reflection-related processes after the huge, steep storm berm had been formed and grown after the high energy events. These processes were not as evident on the twin beaches. These results underline the different response of three similar protection schemes, and the importance that frequent monitoring of the beach morphology holds when it comes to coastal management issues.

While it is clear that current human impact on the earth system is unprecedented in scope and scale, much less is known about the long-term histories of human land use and their effects on vegetation, carbon cycling, and other factors relevant to climate change. Current debates over the possible importance of human activities since the mid second millennium CE cannot be effectively resolved without evidence-based reconstructions of past land use and its consequences. The goal of the PAGES LandCover 6K working group is to reconstruct human land use and land cover over the past 12,000 years. In this paper, we present the first large-scale synthesis of archaeological evidence for human land use in South Asia

Tijekom srpnja 2022. godine provedeno je speleoarheološko istraživanje na otocima Ugljanu i Pašmanu. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi arheološki potencijal 11 speleoloških objekata, od kojih je sedam na Ugljanu, a četiri na Pašmanu. Uz arheološki, speleološki cilj ovog pothvata bio je da se sve pećine, ukoliko nisu u potpunosti speleološki obrađene, dokumentiraju, digitaliziraju te unesu u speleološki katastar. U devet pećina iskopane su i probne sonde, a arheološki nalazi uključuju litičke artefakte, keramičke ulomke i faunalne ostatke. Tragove ljudske aktivnosti u pećinama možemo pratiti od paleolitika do novog vijeka, a posebno su značajni nalazi iz Vele pećine kod Kali, koji upućuju na ljudsku prisutnost tijekom kasnog gornjeg paleolitika ili kulture epigravetijena. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju na uvod u potencijalna daljnja arheološka istraživanja većeg opsega. Ovo istraživanje predstavlja korak u integraciji speleologije i arheologije za bolje razumijevanje kulturnog krajolika sjeverne Dalmacije.

UDC504.064.36
The textbook “Ecological Monitoring” is an auxiliary textbook for the mentioned academic discipline. It was prepared at the Institute of Hydrometeorology of the Georgian Technical University and the Faculty of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy of the same university, taking into account the educational components of this discipline. It covers the results of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, ways to solve ecological problems, and issues of environmental regulation of economic activity. This textbook is intended for students and doctoral students of higher educational institutions interested in studying the principles and methods of ecological monitoring. It will also be useful for a wide range of people interested in the problems of ecological monitoring.
. ISBN 978-9941-8-1490-7  © HMI Publishing House 2019  Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorology

In pace with the continuous population and economic expansion, the land is becoming increasingly saturated with human settlement and industrial and agricultural activities, making it scarce and raising demand. On the other side, there is a real fear in today's climate change discussion that many coastal communities will be forced to flee owing to sea level rise, especially in low-lying coastal countries like Bangladesh. Reclaiming land from the sea might become a viable option considering these challenges. This study aimed to analyze the potential land reclamation sites, sediment transport patterns, accretion, and erosion trends using remote sensing techniques in the Meghna River estuary. The study was carried out to determine the technical context under which land has already been reclaimed on that coast and to devise RS/GIS-assisted methodology to identify potential locations in Meghna Estuary for reclamation of land. Coastal configuration datasets were generated from multi-temporal satellite images from 1972 to 2020 of low tide conditions. Locations with progressive depositional phenomena were identified through a comparison of the coastal configuration datasets. Sedimentation distribution patterns during high tide and low tide were studied to identify potential locations in the Meghna estuary. It has been identified that sediment is transported into the estuary, particularly on the eastern side, by high tide flow, which could be a potential site for land reclamation. The findings indicate the probability of a vast area for reclamation and demonstrate the need for large-scale initiatives for effective land reclamation measures.

Deltas are home to hundreds of millions of people worldwide and form a key part of many coastal environments. Due to their low elevation, many deltas are threatened by sea level rise as well as direct human influences on flow, sediment delivery and subsidence. The calibre and cohesivity of river sediment have both been shown to be important factors in determining the erosion, deposition and stability regimes within a delta system. However, the influence of the receiving basin substrate characteristics is poorly constrained. It has been shown that basin substrates composed of finer sediment lead to more incisive channel. However, the exact controls of substrate characteristics on delta morphology and morphodynamics has not been quantified.

To examine how humans sustained themselves on the coastal islands of Georgia, USA, we must first know exactly where and when those occupations occurred. This paper presents aggregate data from the Georgia State Site Files to map which environmental attributes were most valuable to coastal populations over time. These data are used to estimate the ___location of archaeological sites that may be present in under-surveyed areas, including the approximately 1400 small back-barrier marsh islands of the coast. Fundamental questions are reviewed about life of the islands and coastline: 1) did people use the same ecological resources on the Georgia Coast since its initial habitation; 2) did past people settle in the same areas or target different landscapes; and 3) how are people using the landscape now that impacts the sustainability of past landscapes in the future? Finally, we discuss the influence of thousands of years of landscape alterations in the face of modern climatic change where past human-engineered landscapes are affecting the sustainability and resilience of barrier and marsh island ecologies.

Coastal and estuarine ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate change, placing them at the forefront of challenges to mediate impacts of a warming atmosphere, rising sea-levels, and increasingly frequent extreme weather events. To model potential loss, predict and prepare for future regime shifts, or to build effective conservation policies, it is important to understand the long-term socioecological processes that structure modern ecosystems. We highlight how modern ecological baselines along the Georgia coast of eastern North America are shaped by 5000 years of Indigenous and Euro-American land use. We demonstrate the extent and intensity of manifestations of past land use on modern landscapes, especially by way of quantifying the scale of shell deposition by Indigenous communities and the landscape infrastructure of Euro-American plantations. Through both intentional and unintentional impacts, modern estuarine ecosystems globally are products of these engagements, alterations, and creative transformations that we refer to as deep-time legacy drivers.

This paper presents a 1:100,000 scale geomorphologic map of the Northeastern sector of San Jorge Gulf (Chubut Province) in Patagonia, Argentina, covering more than 1,000 km 2 . Derived from remote sensing data and validated by three field surveys, it has been compiled in order to understand the past and recent evolution of the area with particular reference to sea-level oscillation studies, for which this map is the 15 basic tool. The very low human impact and rates of dynamic landscape change allow the preservation of extensive palaeo deposits and landforms, including those indicative of sea-level variations. The relative change of sea level dominates landscape evolution, allowing the formation of widespread marine and lagoon deposits often interfingering with fluvial deposits and reworked by aeolian process in the framework of consequent beach progradation.

Chilika Lake, Asia's largest brackish water lagoon situated on the East coast of India is separated from Bay of Bengal by sand bars and connected with the sea by a series of tidal inlets. The inlets are maintained by discharges of inflowing streams during monsoon and by tides and ebb tides during non-monsoon. Imbalance in ingress and egress of sediment due to their continuous exchange between sea and the lagoon causes sedimentation of lagoon. Varying inflow, littoral drift and such other factors influence sedimentation. It results shifting mouths (inlets) continuously. Some mouths closed and some opened at various locations of the spits of the lagoon in course of time. This governs the inflow and the outflow characteristics and hence the salinity. A barrage at Naraj on Kathajodi, a major distributary of the river Mohanadi, and an artificial channel connecting the mouth of the Lagoon from Magarmunha to Bay of Bengal were provided to regulate the inflow. This phenomenon has been s...

The 17 July 2006, a tsunami struck the southern coast of Java, Indonesia, causing over 730 casualties. The triggering earthquake located 225 km off the coast of Pangandaran (9.222 • S, 107.320 • E), occurred at 15:19 LT (UTC +7) with a 7.7 magnitude on the Richter scale (Harward Center and CEA/DAM). In order to calibrate numerical models and understand the phenomenon, we conducted a 6-weeks field survey in July and August 2006 from Cimerak district in West Java to Gunung Kidul district in Central Java. Data collection involved measurements of wave height before its breaking, flow depth, run-up height, inundation depth, flow directions and a detailed chronology of the tsunami. Eyewitnesses accounted for three main waves. The maximum height of the second wave ranged from 4.2 to 8.6 m before its breaking. Maximum flow depth after the wave's breaking reached 5 m, and maximum runup heights reached 15.7 m. Our run-up values are about 1.5 higher than those obtained by the other field surveys carried out until present. They are also higher than the values computed through preliminary models. The 17 July 2006 tsunami has been generated by a "tsunami earthquake", i.e. an earthquake of low or medium scale that triggers a tsunami of high magnitude. The run-up heights progressively decreased eastwards, which is consistent with a tsunami triggered by fault dislocation, as the one that hit the Nicaragua's coast with similar run-up heights on the 2 September 1992. An earthquake with associated landslides could also have generated the 17 July 2006 tsunami, as ever observed in Papua-New-Guinea in 1998.

The Gulf of Gabès is situated in the south eastern part of the Tunisian coasts, characterized by its semiarid climate and low topographies with extensive wetlands. Several studies aiming at the knowledge and the reconstruction of the paleoenvironments and the evolution of the human presence were conducted in the past. However, relating to the evolution during Late Holocene these studies were generally limited to a narrow coastal fringe and mainly emphasized by a geological approach. These studies focused primarily on sea-level variations. This paper is based on a methodology considering both geomorphological and archaeological data. It takes into account the sea as an essential morphogenic agent but, at the same time, considers the continental and structural factors. The use of archaeological data makes it possible to appreciate the impact of these factors. It also helps to a better understanding of the evolution of human societies and the ways in which they adapted to their environment. During the Holocene, it appears that despite local variations, alluvial plains and wetlands, have experienced each of them two periods leading to their extension. For the alluvial plains, the favorable episodes took place in the presence of the Neolithic people and under the eyes of the Romans and after their leaving. For wetlands, the favorable episodes coincided with two periods characterized by sea-level rise. The first was witnessed by the Neolithic populations. The second was recorded after the Antiquity and is continuing today. Over the course of this history and depending on whether the trend has been towards sea-level rise or the arrival of large quantities of alluvium to the coast, the wetlands have extended or been reduced or erased. This evolution has impacted man behavior and explains his choice for certain locations today materialized by archaeological remains.

In an ideal situation a healthy and stable coastal ecosystem is very supportive of traditional shore based small scale fisheries. This health in turn is maintained by the desirable linkages with the riverine systems that supply sediments and nutrients to the coasts. Kerala's unique geography maintained this linkage between the coast and the mountains with network of forty one west flowing rivers and the chain of backwaters with dynamic estuaries. However, this unique feature of Kerala's coast has undergone rapid changes in the recent past. Since the Third Five Year Plan(1961-1966), Government of Kerala emphasized creation of infrastructure facilities such as fishing harbours, fish landing centers, fisheries roads, fisheries dispensaries, guide lights, community resource centres, fisheries research institutes and schools for the coastal fishing communities 1 . Today it is estimated that currently 63 percent of its coastline is tampered with engineering structures such as sea-...

Grandi catastrofi. Quando se ne parla viene in mente l'estinzione dei dinosauri. È avvenuta circa 66 milioni di anni fa. La causa fu la caduta di un enorme asteroide del diametro di 17 km che avrebbe colpito la Terra alla velocità di 30 km/secondo. L'astro liberò un'energia pari a 10.000 volte quella generabile da tutti gli arsenali nucleari dei tempi della guerra fredda. Ancora oggi se ne vedono gli effetti osservando la struttura del cratere sotterraneo di Chicxulub, nella penisola dello Yucatán, in Messico. Venendo alle grandi catastrofi che hanno cambiato la storia umana, facciamo un salto al 74-72.000 a.C. All'epoca vi fu l'esplosione di un super vulcano al di sotto del lago Toba, nell'isola di Sumatra (Indonesia). Fu una delle più catastrofiche eruzioni degli ultimi 25 mln anni. Vennero eruttati 2800 km cubi di materiale vulcanico.

MITAS, ONDREJ. The Visitor Experience at Jockey's Ridge: Humans and Nature in a Dynamic Coastal Landscape. (Under the direction of Dr. Gene Brothers). As population and developed areas in the U.S. continue to grow, rapidly changing environments such as dunes, swamps, floodplains, and cliffs will have to be managed with more attention to surrounding civilization. In some cases, human interventions can "freeze in time" aspects of these environments, preserving landscape features for future generations, but also fundamentally changing their naturalistic character. To be socially equitable, such decisions must be informed by empirical measures of the benefits visitors gain from the park in its current state as well as the benefits they gain from the processes that are visibly changing it. Jockey's Ridge State Park in Nags Head, North Carolina contains the largest active sand dune on the U.S. Atlantic coast. The park is located in the midst of dense, commercially-oriented tourist development. Long-term management of Jockey's Ridge State Park will require understanding the experiences of the nearly 800,000 annual visitors it serves. Knowing what the visitors most value in the opportunity to visit and Jockey's Ridge have given me a generous amount of time and attention. They also provided keychains to give out to respondents, which was a huge help. The staff of the Kitty Hawk Kites Hang Gliding School was generous with their time, opinions, and instruction. They greatly enriched my research experience. My mother, Dr. Helena Mitasova, has helped me gain a professional footing by inviting me to present or publish various stages of this thesis research with her. She also took vacation time to help me collect data, which was a tremendous sacrifice that I'm grateful for. Dr. Jason Osborne in Statistics took time to meet with me long after our class together had ended to consult me on the quantitative analyses for this thesis. I appreciate his contribution. Ines Palacios agreed to take me along on one of her data collection trips so I could begin collecting data. I appreciate her time and help. Holly Bosley has answered many of my questions during her visits to the Grad Lab. Her advice was valuable to this thesis. The administrative assistants in the PRTM department, especially Debbie Hurst and Felicia Mangum, have taken great care of my paperwork and been very patient with me, which I appreciate. Graduate coordinator Dr. Beth Wilson has helped me throughout my Master's study with advice for life. Dr. Larry Gustke has also been very helpful towards my personal development. By supporting my studies as well as my hobbies they have helped me to grow. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .

Baja California Peninsula is the westernmost tectonic province of Mexico. The peninsula extends 1300 km south-southeast from the US boundary to Cape San Lucas in the south. The peninsula is bounded on the east by a complex structural depression whose floor lies below sea level and deepens toward the southeast. The structural depression is the result of the displacement of the San Andreas Fault. The peninsula is divided from north to south into three morpho-tectonic sub-provinces called the Peninsular Ranges, the central region, and Southern Cape region. The poorly exposed eastern half of the Peninsular Ranges consists of the oldest rocks on the Peninsula Range consisting of weakly metamorphosed sandstone, shale, limestone, and basic volcanic rock. Fossils date the sediments from Precambrian to Triassic. The next sequence consists of younger rocks on the western Peninsula Range consisting of several thousand meters of metasedimentary and meta-volcanic rocks of Middle Cretaceous age intruded by numerous plutons. Plutons consist of tonalites, quartz diorites, granodiorites, gabbros, diorites, and adamellites. Plutons make up about 40 percent of the Baja California surface area. Post batholithic marine sedimentary sequence consisting of Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary age forms a narrow belt along the west coast.